Medical Cannabis and Health: A Pharmacological Review

Abstract

Objective: Cannabis sativa L. is a plant that has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. However, its use has been limited due to its content. Cannabis causes many changes at the gene level in the endocannabinoid system with the phytocannabinoids it contains. The aim of this study was to provide evidence that the endocannabinoid system could be a potential therapeutic target in many pathological conditions. Result and Discussion: The change in the expression levels of receptors, endocannabinoids or enzymes in the endocannabinoid system may be associated with the pathologies of diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Huntington. Besides, changes in the endocannabinoid system can affect the migration, proliferation of cancer cells. Also, cannabinoids, have been shown to play a role in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Today, some cannabis-based treatment preparations such as dronabilon and nabilon capsules used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting have been approved and available in many countries. Preparations such as Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol oromucosal spray are also among the preparations approved for use as analgesic in cancer patients or for the relief of muscle spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients. However, standardized preparations of cannabis and further research are needed for many other medical conditions. © 2021 University of Ankara. All rights reserved.