Publication: Periferik Arter Hastalığına Eşlik Eden Asemptomatik Karotis Arter Stenozunu Flow Mediated Dilatation(FMD) ve Plazma Biyobelirteçleri Aracılığı İle Saptamak
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada periferik arter hastalığı (PAH) tanılı hastalarda duplex ultrasonografi kullanılarak asemptomatik karotis arter stenozu saptanan olguların Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) değeri ve plazma biyobelirteç düzeyleriyle ilişkisinin araştırılarak erken tanıdaki değerinin gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya kalp damar cerrahisi polikliniğine başvuran, PAH tanısı konulmuş ve tedavisi devam eden 60 hasta dahil edildi. PAH tanısı, bilgisayarlı tomografi anjiografi, magnetik rezonans anjiografi veya alt ekstremite arteriyel doppler ultrasonografiyle konuldu. Hastaların homosistein, CRP, fibrinojen, HbA1c düzeylerine bakıldı. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) skorları ölçüldü. Karotis arter stenozunun varlığı ve şiddetinin tespiti için radyolog tarafından duplex ultrasonografi kullanıldı. Hastalar, darlık seviyesine göre, %50'den az darlığı olanlar düşük, %50-69 arası olanlar orta ve %70'ten büyük olanlar ise şiddetli darlık şeklinde gruplandırılarak bu hastalara FMD ölçümü de yapıldı. Bulgular: FMD skorunun ortalaması %7,5±0,7 ve median değeri %5,8'di. Karotis arter darlığı düzeyi ile fibrinojen ve CRP değerleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı farklılık saptanırken, HbA1c ve homosistein için anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Darlık derecesi ile FMD skoru arasında güçlü kuvvette negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyon saptandı. FMD ve ABI karşılaştırıldığında düşük karotis arter darlığı olanların 'Orta ve Yüksek' darlığı olanlardan ayırt edilmesinde FMD'nin ABI'ye göre daha iyi öngörücü olduğu tespit edildi. Yüksek düzey karotis arter darlığını 'Düşük ve Orta' düzey darlığı olanlardan ayırt etmede ise benzer sensitivite ve spesifiteye sahip olduğu gözlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda karotis arter stenozunun şiddeti ile FMD skorunun ilişkili olduğunu ve FMD'nin özellikle orta ve yüksek düzeydeki karotis arter darlığını tahmin etmede ABI'den daha faydalı yöntem olabileceği görülmüştür. FMD'nin rutin klinik uygulamalarda kullanılması, PAH gibi ateroskleroz kaynaklı hastalığı olan kişilerde asemptomatik karotis arter stenozunun taranması ve serebrovasküler olayların birincil önleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir. Bununla birlikte, FMD değerinin karotis arter stenozunun ilerlemesini yansıttığını ve inme tehlikesine karşı öngörüde bulunduğunu doğrulamak için prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar kelimeler: Periferik arter hastalığı, flow mediated dilatation, karotis arter stenozu, ankle brakial index, plazma biyobelirteçleri
Objective: In this study, patients diagnosed with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis using duplex ultrasonography with a prior diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease(PAD) were addressed, and revealing the value of the Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) measurement and plasma biomarkers levels for early diagnosis is aimed by investigating the correlation of these measurements with these disease Materials and Method: This study included patients admitted to the cardiovascular surgery outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of PAD. The diagnosis of PAH was based on computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance angiography or lower extremity arterial doppler ultrasonography. Homocysteine, CRP, fibrinogen, HbA1c levels were examined. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) scores were measured. Duplex ultrasonography was used by the radiologist to determine the presence and the severity of the carotid artery stenosis. The patients were classified according to stenosis levels, those with less than 50% stenosis are mild stenosis, those with 50-69% stenosis are moderate stenosis and those with more than 70% stenosis are severe stenosis. Afterward the FMD measurement was performed for all patients. Results: The mean FMD score was 7,5±0,7 % and the median value was 5,8 %. Significant positive correlation between the carotid artery stenosis level and fibrinogen/CRP values was seen, while there was no significant difference for HbA1c and homocysteine levels. Strongly significant negative correlation was determined between the severity of stenosis and FMD scores. In comparison of FMD and ABI, FMD was found a better predictor than ABI for distinguishing the those with 'mild carotid stenosis' from those with 'moderate and severe carotid stenosis'. In differentiating those with severe carotid stenosis from those with 'mild and moderate carotid stenosis', FMD and ABI was observed similar in sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: In our study, FMD score was shown in correlation with the severity of carotid artery stenosis, and FMD was found more helpful than ABI in prediction of 'moderate and severe' carotid stenosis especially. Using FMD in routine clinical practice can contribute to screening the asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and the development of the primary prevention strategies of cerebrovascular events in patients with such disease based on atherosclerosis as PAD. Beside this, there is need for prospective studies to confirm that FMD score is a reflector of the development of carotid artery stenosis and a predictor for the risk of stroke. Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, flow mediated dilatation, carotid artery stenosis, ankle brachial index, plasma biomarkers.
Objective: In this study, patients diagnosed with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis using duplex ultrasonography with a prior diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease(PAD) were addressed, and revealing the value of the Flow Mediated Dilatation (FMD) measurement and plasma biomarkers levels for early diagnosis is aimed by investigating the correlation of these measurements with these disease Materials and Method: This study included patients admitted to the cardiovascular surgery outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of PAD. The diagnosis of PAH was based on computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance angiography or lower extremity arterial doppler ultrasonography. Homocysteine, CRP, fibrinogen, HbA1c levels were examined. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) scores were measured. Duplex ultrasonography was used by the radiologist to determine the presence and the severity of the carotid artery stenosis. The patients were classified according to stenosis levels, those with less than 50% stenosis are mild stenosis, those with 50-69% stenosis are moderate stenosis and those with more than 70% stenosis are severe stenosis. Afterward the FMD measurement was performed for all patients. Results: The mean FMD score was 7,5±0,7 % and the median value was 5,8 %. Significant positive correlation between the carotid artery stenosis level and fibrinogen/CRP values was seen, while there was no significant difference for HbA1c and homocysteine levels. Strongly significant negative correlation was determined between the severity of stenosis and FMD scores. In comparison of FMD and ABI, FMD was found a better predictor than ABI for distinguishing the those with 'mild carotid stenosis' from those with 'moderate and severe carotid stenosis'. In differentiating those with severe carotid stenosis from those with 'mild and moderate carotid stenosis', FMD and ABI was observed similar in sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: In our study, FMD score was shown in correlation with the severity of carotid artery stenosis, and FMD was found more helpful than ABI in prediction of 'moderate and severe' carotid stenosis especially. Using FMD in routine clinical practice can contribute to screening the asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and the development of the primary prevention strategies of cerebrovascular events in patients with such disease based on atherosclerosis as PAD. Beside this, there is need for prospective studies to confirm that FMD score is a reflector of the development of carotid artery stenosis and a predictor for the risk of stroke. Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, flow mediated dilatation, carotid artery stenosis, ankle brachial index, plasma biomarkers.
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