Publication: Fare (Balb C Mice) ve Sıçan (Wistar Albino Rat)'da Articulatio Genus'un Karşılaştırmalı Morfolojik İncelenmesi
Abstract
Composite ve incongrent bir eklem olan diz eklemi vücuttaki konumu nedeniyle travmalara açık ve korunmasız bir eklemdir. Eklem içerisinde ligamentlere ve meniscuslere sahip olması nedeniyle diğer eklemlerden karmaşık bir yapı sergiler. Bölgenin yapısı farklı hayvan türlerinde morfolojik ve görüntüleme teknikleri gibi yöntemlerle ortaya konulsa da hala konu ile ilgili eksik kısımlar bulunmaktadır. Altışar adet erişkin fare (Balb/c mice) ve sıçan (wistar albino rat)'ın kullanıldığı bu tez çalışmasında articulatio genus'un karşılaştırmalı morfolojik incelemesinin yapılarak literatür eksiklerinin giderilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada kullanılan kadavralardan kemik elde etmek için maserasyon işleminde dermestes böceklerinden yararlanıldı. Temizlenmiş kemikler stereomikroskop altında incelendi. Eklemin proksimal'inde bulunan femur'dan 9, distal'inde yer alan tibia'dan 5 ve patella'dan 3 farklı noktadan ölçümler yapıldı. Eklemin içerisinde bulunan meniscuslerin yapısının belirlenmesi amacıyla histolojik incelemeler yapıldı. Sıçan ve farenin diz ekleminin genel morfolojik yapısının birbirine benzer olduğu görüldü. Sıçanda insana benzer şekilde trochlea ossis femoris'i yanlardan sınırlayan labium laterale labium mediale'ye göre daha proksimal'den başlarken farede bu yapılar diğer evcil memelilere benzer olarak aynı mesafeden başlamaktaydı. Literatürde bu türlerde rastlanmayan patellar oluğun genişliği sıçanda 2,09±0,22 mm, farede ise 0,75±0,09 mm olarak ölçüldü. Cartilago suprapatellaris sıçanda oval şekilli bir kıkırdak iken farede ön ucu daha sivri üçgen şeklindeydi. Meniscuslerin şekli sıçanda ve farede farklıydı. Sıçanda her iki meniscus de 'C' harfi şeklindeydi. Fakat lateral meniscus insandakinin tersi olarak daha geniş yapıdaydı. Farede meniscuslerin şekli diğer memelilerde bildirilenden farklıydı. Meniscus lateralis tek parçalı iken Meniscus medialis iki parçalı melek kanadı görünümündeydi. Her iki türde de meniscus içerisinde kemik dokuya rastlanıldı. Femur'un condylus distalis'inde yer alan fabella'nın sayısı ve şekli sıçanda genel olarak köpeğe benzese de medial fabella'nın yuvarlak olması ve popliteal fabella'nın konumu farklılık oluşturdu. Farede saptanan iki fabella da yaklaşık olarak aynı boyuttaydı ve şekil olarak şapkaya benzemekteydi. Bu çalışma ile elde edilen verilerin anatomi literatürüne ve diz eklemi problemlerinin teşhis ve tedavisi ile ilgili yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür.
The knee joint, which is a composite and incongruent joint, is vulnerable to trauma and unprotected due to its location in the body. The knee joint is a more complex structure than other joints because it has ligaments and meniscus within the joint. Although the structure of the region has been revealed by methods such as morphological and imaging techniques in different animal species, there are still missing parts on the subject. In this thesis study, in which six adult mice (Balb/c Mice) and six rats (wistar albino rat) were used, it was aimed to fill the literature gaps by performing a comparative morphological examination of the articulatio genus. In order to obtain bone from the cadavers in the maceration process were Dermestes insects were used in the study. Cleaned bones were examined under a stereo microscope. Measurements were made from 9 different points on the femur proximal to the joint, 5 different points on the tibia located on the distal side of the joint, and 3 different points on the patella. Histological examinations were performed to determine the structure of the meniscus within the joint. It was observed that the general morphological structure of the knee joint of rat and mouse was similar. In the rat, similar to humans, the labium laterale, which limits the trochlea ossis femoris from the sides, started more proximal than the labium mediale, whereas in the mouse, these structures started from the same distance, similar to other domestic mammals. In the literature, the width of the patellar groove, which is not found in these species was measured as 2.09±0.22 mm in the rat and 0.75±0.09 mm in the mouse. While cartilago suprapatellaris was an oval-shaped cartilage in the rat, it was triangular in shape with a more pointed anterior end in the mouse. In the rat, both menisci were shaped like the letter 'C'. However, the lateral meniscus was wider than in humans. The shape of the menisci in the mouse was different from that reported in other mammals. While the lateral meniscus was in one piece, the medial meniscus looked like a two-piece angel wing. Bone tissue was found within the meniscus in both species. Although the number and shape of the fabella located in the distal condules of the femur were generally similar to the dog in the rat, the roundness of the medial fabella and the location of the popliteal fabella made a difference. The two fabellas detected in the mouse were approximately the same size and resembled a hat in shape. It is thought that the data obtained from this study will contribute to the anatomy literature and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint problems.
The knee joint, which is a composite and incongruent joint, is vulnerable to trauma and unprotected due to its location in the body. The knee joint is a more complex structure than other joints because it has ligaments and meniscus within the joint. Although the structure of the region has been revealed by methods such as morphological and imaging techniques in different animal species, there are still missing parts on the subject. In this thesis study, in which six adult mice (Balb/c Mice) and six rats (wistar albino rat) were used, it was aimed to fill the literature gaps by performing a comparative morphological examination of the articulatio genus. In order to obtain bone from the cadavers in the maceration process were Dermestes insects were used in the study. Cleaned bones were examined under a stereo microscope. Measurements were made from 9 different points on the femur proximal to the joint, 5 different points on the tibia located on the distal side of the joint, and 3 different points on the patella. Histological examinations were performed to determine the structure of the meniscus within the joint. It was observed that the general morphological structure of the knee joint of rat and mouse was similar. In the rat, similar to humans, the labium laterale, which limits the trochlea ossis femoris from the sides, started more proximal than the labium mediale, whereas in the mouse, these structures started from the same distance, similar to other domestic mammals. In the literature, the width of the patellar groove, which is not found in these species was measured as 2.09±0.22 mm in the rat and 0.75±0.09 mm in the mouse. While cartilago suprapatellaris was an oval-shaped cartilage in the rat, it was triangular in shape with a more pointed anterior end in the mouse. In the rat, both menisci were shaped like the letter 'C'. However, the lateral meniscus was wider than in humans. The shape of the menisci in the mouse was different from that reported in other mammals. While the lateral meniscus was in one piece, the medial meniscus looked like a two-piece angel wing. Bone tissue was found within the meniscus in both species. Although the number and shape of the fabella located in the distal condules of the femur were generally similar to the dog in the rat, the roundness of the medial fabella and the location of the popliteal fabella made a difference. The two fabellas detected in the mouse were approximately the same size and resembled a hat in shape. It is thought that the data obtained from this study will contribute to the anatomy literature and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of knee joint problems.
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