Publication: Bazı Doğal Antioksidanların Kavurmanın Lipit Oksidasyonu, Renk Stabilitesi ve Mikrobiyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, ısırgan (Urtica dioica), biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) ve mersinden (Myrtus communis myrtillus) elde edilen su ve etanol ekstraktlarının kavurmaların soğukta muhafazası sırasında lipit oksidasyonu, renk stabilitesi ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.Kavurma üretiminde materyal olarak sığır eti, sığır eti yağı, kurutulmuş ısırgan, biberiye ve mersin yaprakları ile bütillendirilmiş hidroksi toluen (BHT) kullanılmıştır. Kavurma üretiminde kullanılacak etler, yağ ve bağ dokularından ayrılıp, yağ ilavesinden sonra 85-90 °C `de 3 saat süre ile pişirilmiştir. Pişmiş kavurma örnekleri 8 gruba ayrılmış ve ilk grup kontrol grubu olarak alınmıştır. 2. gruba %0.4 BHT, 3. gruba %0.4 ısırgan su ekstraktı, , 4. gruba %0.4 biberiye su ekstraktı, 5. gruba %0.4 mersin su ekstraktı, 6. gruba %0.4 ısırgan etanol ekstraktı, 7. gruba %0.4 biberiye etanol ekstraktı ve 8. gruba da %0.4 mersin etanol ekstraktı ilave edilmiştir. Elde edilen örnekler vakum ambalajlanarak 6 ay süreyle depolanmışlardır. Deneme üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.Isırgan, biberiye ve mersin su ve etanol ekstraktlarında toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve antioksidan kapasite belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca depolanan kavurmalar; pH değeri, peroksit sayısı (POV), konjuge dien değeri, tiyobarbütirik asit (TBA) sayısı, yağ asidi bileşimi, renk değerleri (L, a ve b), mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikler yönünden başlangıç ve 45 günde bir olmak üzere beş periyotta analiz edilmişlerdir.En yüksek toplam fenolik madde içeriği mersin ekstraktlarında saptanmış, bunu biberiye ekstraktları izlemiş ve en düşük toplam fenolik madde içeriği ısırgan ekstraktlarında belirlenmiştir. İncelenen bitki ekstraktlarının antioksidan kapasiteleri genellikle toplam fenolik madde içerikleri ile paralellik göstermiştir. Mersin su ve etanol ekstraktı birbirine yakın antioksidan kapasite gösterirken, biberiye etanol ekstraktı, biberiye su ekstraktından, ısırgan etanol ekstraktı da ısırgan su ekstraktından daha yüksek antioksidan kapasite göstermiştir.Solvent tiplerinin (su ve etanol) incelenen parametrelerden sadece duyusal özellikler üzerine etkisi önemli (P<0.01) bulunurken, ekstrakt tiplerinin (ısırgan, biberiye ve mersin) pH, peroksit sayısı (POV), TBA sayısı, tekli doymamış yağ asitleri (TDYA), L,a ve b değerleri, toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB) ve maya-küf sayısı ve duyusal özellikler üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Bitki yapraklarından elde edilen su ve etanol ekstraktları kavurmaların lipit oksidasyonu üzerine antioksidan etki göstermiştir. Bu etki BHT'ye eşdeğer düzeyde gerçekleşmiştir. Isırgan ekstraktı ilavesi soğukta muhafaza edilen kavurmaların renk özelliklerini de önemli düzeyde korumuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan bitki ekstraktları soğukta muhafaza süresince toplam bakteri gelişimini inhibe etmiştir. En yüksek etkiyi biberiye ekstraktları gösterirken, ısırgan ve mersin ekstraktlarının etkisi daha düşük olmuştur. Buna karşılık bitki ekstraktlarının maya küf gelişimi üzerine engelleyici bir etkisi belirlenmemiştir. Aynı şekilde kullanılan ekstraktların kavurmaların genel kabul edilebilirlik puanları üzerine de olumlu etkileri olmamıştır.Muhafaza süresinin kavurmaların pH değeri, POV, konjuge dien, TBA, yağ asidi bileşimi, renk değerleri, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikler üzerine etkileri istatistiksel bakımdan önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). 180 günlük soğukta muhafaza süresince konjuge dien sayısı, TBA sayısı, toplam bakteri ve maya küf sayıları artarken, duyusal özelliklerde azalmalar olmuştur. Ancak bu değişiklikler sınır değerlere ulaşmamıştır.Bu sonuçlar kavurmanın soğukta muhafazası sırasında lipit oksidasyonu, renk değişiklikleri ve bakteri gelişiminin önlenmesi amacıyla ısırgan, biberiye ve mersin su ve etanol ekstraktlarının kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Ancak duyusal yönden su ekstraktları daha çok tercih edilmiştir.Anahtar sözcükler: Lipit oksidasyonu, kavurma, doğal antioksidanlar, et ve et ürünleri, yağ asidi bileşimi.
In this research, the effect of water extracts and ethanol extracts from nettle (Urtica dioica), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis myrtillus L.) leaves on lipit oxidation and color properties of kavurma were studied.Beef, beef fat, dried netle, rosemary and myrtle leaves, salt and BHT were used as material in the production of kavurmaMeats used in kavurma production were seperated from their fat and connective tissues. After fat addition, meats have been cooked at the temperature of 85-90 °C degree for three hours. Cooked kavurma samples divided into 8 groups, the first group was evaluated as control. Others group were supplemented with different ratios of water and ethanol extracts (%0.4 BHT for 2nd group; %0.4 nettle water extract for 3rd group; %0.4 rosemary water extract for 4th group; %0.4 myrtle water extract for 5th group; nettle ethanol extract for 6th group; %0.4 rosemary ethanol extract for 7th group; %0.4 myrtle ethanol for 8th group). They have been stored for 6 months after vacuum packaging.Total phenolic matter and antioxidation capacity were determined in nettle, rosemary, myrtle water and ethanol extracts. Also kavurma were analyzed in terms of pH value, POV, conjugated dien value, TBA, fatty acid composition, color value, microbiological and sensorial properties at the beginning of the study and the next 5 periods with 45 days intervals.The highest total phenolic matter content was detected in myrtle extracts and following in rosemary extracts. The lowest total phenolic matter content was determined in nettle extracts. Antioxidant capacity of plant extracts showed analogy with total phenolic matter contents. While myrtle water and ethanol extract showed similar antioxidant capacity, rosemary and nettle ethanol extracts showed more higher antioxidant capacity than rosemary and nettle water extracts.While the effect of solvent varieties (water and su) have significant on only sensory properties, the effect of extract varieties (nettle, rosemary and myrtle) were found statistically significant on pH, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbutiric acid reactive value (TBARS), mono-unsaturated fatty acid (TDYA), L, a and b values, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and mould-yeast count and sensory properties (P<0.01). Water and ethanol extracts obtained in plant leaves were showed antioxidant effect on kavurma lipid oxidation. This effect is similar to BHT. The addition nettle extract was protected in significantly color characteristics of kavurma. Plant extracts used in this research were inhibited total bacteria evolution during cold storage. While rosemary extracts showed the highest effect, the effect of nettle and myrtle extracts have been lower. However plant extracts weren?t inhibited in mould-yeast evolution. Extracts weren?t positive effects on general acceptable scores of kavurma.The effects of storage time on pH value, POV, conjugated dien, TBA, fatty acid composition, color values, microbiological and sensory properties of kavurma were statistically significant (P<0.01). At the result of 180 days of cold storage were increased of conjugated dien, TBA value, total bacteria and mould-yeast counts and sensory properties were decreased. However, these changes didn?t reach to the limit of acceptance.These results are revealed that, the addition of water and ethanol extracts from nettle, rosemary and myrtle leaves can be utilizied for prevention of lipid oxidation, color changes and bacterial evolution during the cold storage of kavurma. However, water extracts are mostly preferred in terms of sensory properties.Key words: Lipid oxidation, kavurma, natural antioxidants, meat and meat products, fatty acid composition.
In this research, the effect of water extracts and ethanol extracts from nettle (Urtica dioica), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis myrtillus L.) leaves on lipit oxidation and color properties of kavurma were studied.Beef, beef fat, dried netle, rosemary and myrtle leaves, salt and BHT were used as material in the production of kavurmaMeats used in kavurma production were seperated from their fat and connective tissues. After fat addition, meats have been cooked at the temperature of 85-90 °C degree for three hours. Cooked kavurma samples divided into 8 groups, the first group was evaluated as control. Others group were supplemented with different ratios of water and ethanol extracts (%0.4 BHT for 2nd group; %0.4 nettle water extract for 3rd group; %0.4 rosemary water extract for 4th group; %0.4 myrtle water extract for 5th group; nettle ethanol extract for 6th group; %0.4 rosemary ethanol extract for 7th group; %0.4 myrtle ethanol for 8th group). They have been stored for 6 months after vacuum packaging.Total phenolic matter and antioxidation capacity were determined in nettle, rosemary, myrtle water and ethanol extracts. Also kavurma were analyzed in terms of pH value, POV, conjugated dien value, TBA, fatty acid composition, color value, microbiological and sensorial properties at the beginning of the study and the next 5 periods with 45 days intervals.The highest total phenolic matter content was detected in myrtle extracts and following in rosemary extracts. The lowest total phenolic matter content was determined in nettle extracts. Antioxidant capacity of plant extracts showed analogy with total phenolic matter contents. While myrtle water and ethanol extract showed similar antioxidant capacity, rosemary and nettle ethanol extracts showed more higher antioxidant capacity than rosemary and nettle water extracts.While the effect of solvent varieties (water and su) have significant on only sensory properties, the effect of extract varieties (nettle, rosemary and myrtle) were found statistically significant on pH, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbutiric acid reactive value (TBARS), mono-unsaturated fatty acid (TDYA), L, a and b values, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and mould-yeast count and sensory properties (P<0.01). Water and ethanol extracts obtained in plant leaves were showed antioxidant effect on kavurma lipid oxidation. This effect is similar to BHT. The addition nettle extract was protected in significantly color characteristics of kavurma. Plant extracts used in this research were inhibited total bacteria evolution during cold storage. While rosemary extracts showed the highest effect, the effect of nettle and myrtle extracts have been lower. However plant extracts weren?t inhibited in mould-yeast evolution. Extracts weren?t positive effects on general acceptable scores of kavurma.The effects of storage time on pH value, POV, conjugated dien, TBA, fatty acid composition, color values, microbiological and sensory properties of kavurma were statistically significant (P<0.01). At the result of 180 days of cold storage were increased of conjugated dien, TBA value, total bacteria and mould-yeast counts and sensory properties were decreased. However, these changes didn?t reach to the limit of acceptance.These results are revealed that, the addition of water and ethanol extracts from nettle, rosemary and myrtle leaves can be utilizied for prevention of lipid oxidation, color changes and bacterial evolution during the cold storage of kavurma. However, water extracts are mostly preferred in terms of sensory properties.Key words: Lipid oxidation, kavurma, natural antioxidants, meat and meat products, fatty acid composition.
Description
Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2011
Libra Kayıt No: 76810
Libra Kayıt No: 76810
Keywords
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
110
