Publication: Kum Zeminlerin Davranışı için Hipoplastisiteye Dayalı Bünye Modellemesi
Abstract
Nispeten yeni bir teori sayılabilecek hipoplastisite, zeminin belirgin davranış özelliklerini ifade etmede yenilme yüzeyi, akma kuralı, plastik potansiyel, elastik ve plastik kısımlara ayırma gibi ilave kavramlara başvuran plastisite teorisine bir alternatif olarak geliştirilmiştir. Hipoplastik bünye modelleri, nonlineerite, yenilme ve hacimsel genişleme gibi olguları ifade etmede başarılıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kum zeminlerin davranışı için temsil teoreminden yararlanılarak temel bir hipoplastik bünye modeli oluşturmak ve boşluk oranını durum değişkeni olarak dikkate alıp temel kritik durum modeli ortaya koymaktır. Kum zeminlerin, deneylerden elde edilen ve bünye modellemesinde dikkate alınması gereken davranış özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Orantılı izler, barotropi, piknotropi, kritik durum ve boşaltmadaki davranış deneysel veriler üzerinden özetlenerek açıklanmıştır. Hipoplastisite dışındaki bünye teorileri kısaca ele alınarak tepki zarfları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Karlsruhe ekolü özelinde hipoplastisite teorisi literatürü verilmiş ve sonrasında temel bir hipoplastik bünye denklemi önerilmiştir. Temel hipoplastik modelin performansı, deneysel veriler üzerinden değerlendirilmiş ve nonlineerite, yenilme ve hacimsel genişleme gibi belirgin davranış özelliklerini ifade edebildiği belirlenmiştir. Kritik durum ve şekil değiştirme yumuşaması/pekleşmesi olgularının benzetimi için boşluk oranının durum değişkeni olarak modele dahil edilmesi ile kritik durum modeli önerilmiştir. Model performansı deneysel veriler üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Modelin, farklı yoğunluk ve gerilme düzeyleri için gerilme-şekil değiştirme ilişkisini başarıyla ifade edebildiği ama, hacimsel şekil değiştirme-eksenel şekil değiştirme ilişkinde daha iyi bir uyum yakalanması için bu başarıdan bir miktar ödün verilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Modelin geliştirilmesi için yapılabilecek çalışmalar üzerinde durulmuştur.
Hypoplasticity, as a relatively young theory, has been developed as an alternative to plasticity theory which refers to concepts like yield surface, flow rule, plastic potential, and decomposition into elastic and plastic portions in order to simulate the salient behaviour of soil. Hypoplastic constitutive models are successful in describing phenomena such as nonlinearity, failure and dilatancy. This study aims to form a basic hypoplastic constitutive model for the behavior of sand using the representation theorem and to present a basic critical state model considering the void ratio as a state variable. The properties of sand behaviour obtained from experiments and which should be taken into account in constitutive modelling are emphasized. Proportional paths, barotropy, pycnotropy, critical state, and the behaviour in unloading were summarized and explained in terms of experimental data. Constitutive theories excluding hypoplasticity were briefly discussed and reviewed in terms of response envelopes. A basic hypoplastic equation is proposed following a presentation of the literature concerning hypoplasticity in terms of Karlsruhe school. The performance of the basic hypoplastic model was evaluated based on experimental data and, it was determined that it can describe salient features such as nonlinearity, failure and dilatancy. In order to simulate the critical state and strain softening/hardening phenomena, a critical state model is proposed by including the void ratio as a state variable in the model. The performance of the critical state model was evaluated through experimental data. It is concluded that the model can successfully describe the stress-strain relations for different density and stress levels, but this success must be sacrificed for a better fit in the volumetric strain-axial strain relations. Studies that can be done to improve the model are emphasized.
Hypoplasticity, as a relatively young theory, has been developed as an alternative to plasticity theory which refers to concepts like yield surface, flow rule, plastic potential, and decomposition into elastic and plastic portions in order to simulate the salient behaviour of soil. Hypoplastic constitutive models are successful in describing phenomena such as nonlinearity, failure and dilatancy. This study aims to form a basic hypoplastic constitutive model for the behavior of sand using the representation theorem and to present a basic critical state model considering the void ratio as a state variable. The properties of sand behaviour obtained from experiments and which should be taken into account in constitutive modelling are emphasized. Proportional paths, barotropy, pycnotropy, critical state, and the behaviour in unloading were summarized and explained in terms of experimental data. Constitutive theories excluding hypoplasticity were briefly discussed and reviewed in terms of response envelopes. A basic hypoplastic equation is proposed following a presentation of the literature concerning hypoplasticity in terms of Karlsruhe school. The performance of the basic hypoplastic model was evaluated based on experimental data and, it was determined that it can describe salient features such as nonlinearity, failure and dilatancy. In order to simulate the critical state and strain softening/hardening phenomena, a critical state model is proposed by including the void ratio as a state variable in the model. The performance of the critical state model was evaluated through experimental data. It is concluded that the model can successfully describe the stress-strain relations for different density and stress levels, but this success must be sacrificed for a better fit in the volumetric strain-axial strain relations. Studies that can be done to improve the model are emphasized.
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