Publication: Samsun Yöresi Sığırlarda Kolostrum Kalitesi ve Pasif Transfer Yetmezliğin Brix Dijital Refraktometre İle Araştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Samsun Yöresi Sığırlarda kolostrum kalitesi ve Pasif Transfer Yetmezliğin Brix Dijital Refraktometre ile Araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışma 40 sığır işletmesinde (n=180 kolostrum ve buzağı) doğumu takiben yürütüldü. İşletmeler büyüklüklerine göre 3 gruba ayrıldı. Her işletmede anneden doğumu takiben (0-3 saat) 1 mL taze kolostrum örneği ve buzağılardan doğumu takiben 24-48 saat içerisinde 5 ml kan örneği usulüne uygun olarak alındı. Numunelerde kolostrum kalitesi ve buzağılarda pasif transfer yetmezliğin belirlenmesi için Brix digital refraktometre % oranları belirlendi. Sonuçlar ≥%22 ise kolostrumun iyi kalitede, <%22 ise kolostrumun kötü kalitede (yetersiz) olarak değerlendirildi. Buzağı serum örneklerinde Brix dijital refraktometre ile sonuç <%8.4 ise pasif transfer yetmezlik olarak değerlendirildi. Buzağı serum örneklerinde PTY önemli göstergelerinden Gama Glutamil Transferaz (GGT) ve total protein (TP) oranları otoanalizörde ölçülerek elde edilen veriler Brix % verileri ile karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca çalışmaya dahil edilen işletmelerde annenin ırkı, buzağı doğum sayısı, doğum mevsimi, kolostrum kalitesi, verilen kolostrum miktarı, kolostrumun veriliş yolu (anneden ve biberonla) belirlendi ve elde edilen sonuçlar istatistik yöntemlerle değerlendirildi. Çalışma gruplarında kolostrum brix değerleri Grup 1'de 15 (%25), Grup 2'de 14 (%23,3), Grup 3'de 11 (%18,3) ve toplam 40 (%22,2) kolostrum örneği <%22 yetersiz (kötü kaliteli) olarak belirlendi. Gruplar arası brix refraktometre ile kolostrum ölçümleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (P>0,05). Çalışma gruplarının serum total protein konsantrasyonları Grup 1'de 28 (%46,6), Grup 2'de 30 (%50), Grup 3'de 32 (%53,3) ve toplam 90 (%50) serum örneğinin %Brix değerinin (<%8,4) düşük olduğu ve pasif transfer yetmezlik şekillendiği belirlendi. Gruplar arasında brix refraktometre ile ölçülen total protein değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Grupların total protein seviyeleri Grup 1'in 6,26±1,36, Grup 2'nin 6,46±1,83, Grup 3'ün 6,47±1,73 olarak ölçüldü. Tüm grupların total protein konsantrasyonunun ortalaması ise 6,40±1,65 olarak belirlendi. Gruplar arasında total protein değerleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p>0.05). Serum %Brix değerleri ile Serum total protein ve GGT düzeyleri arasında pozitif korelasyon belirlendi? Çalışma yapılan işletmelerde %97,2 oranında kuru dönem aşılama yapılmadığı, buzağıların %80 kış dönemi doğduğu, %31,6 oranında kolostrumun zamanında verilmediği, %66 oranında buzağılara yeterli kolostrumun verilmediği, %78,8 oranında buzağıların anneden beslendiği ve %83 oranında anne ile beraber barındığı tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, Samsun Yöresi işletmelerde Sığırlarda kolostrum kalitesi 3 grupta toplam 40 (%22.2) örnekte %Brix kolostrum örneği yetersiz (kötü kaliteli) olarak ve total protein konsantrasyonları 3 grupta toplam 90 (%50) örnekte %Brix değerinin düşük olduğu ve pasif transfer yetmezlik şekillendiği belirlendi. Belirlenen oranlar bölge işletmelerinde benzer alışkanlıklar ile hayvancılıkla uğraşıldığını, kolostrum kalitesinin önemli oranda kalitesiz olduğunu ve ortalama %50 oranında PTY şekillendiğini, bu durumun buzağı gelişimini ve verimliliğini azaltacağı, hastalıklara duyarlılığı artıracağı ve ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olacağını ortaya koymaktadır. Kolostrum kalitesini artırmak ve pasif transfer yetmezliği önlemek için kuru dönem aşılama, kolostrum verilme zamanı, verilme miktarı ve beslenme şekli gibi konular üzerinde eğitici çalışmalar yapılması ve işletmelerin bilgilendirilmesi gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
In this study, it was aimed to investigate failure of passive transfer (FPT) and colostrum quality in cattle in Samsun Region with Brix Digital Refractometer. The study was conducted in 40 cattle farms (n=180 colostrum and calves) after birth. Cattle farms were divided into 3 groups according to the number of animals they housed. In each farm, 1 mL of fresh colostrum sample was taken from the mother (0-3 hours) after birth, and 5 ml of blood sample was taken from calves within 24-48 hours following delivery, in accordance with the procedure. In order to determine quality in the colostrum samples and failure of passve transfer in calves, % ratios were determine by Brix digital refractometer. If the results were ≥22% (Ig >50 mg/mL, 50 g/L) colostrum was of good quality, if <22% (Ig <50 mg/mL) the colostrum was of poor quality (inadequate). In calf blood serum samples, if the result was <8.4% with Brix digital refractometer, it was considered as passive transfer failure. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and total protein (TP) ratios, which are important indicators of FPT, in calf serum samples were measured in an autoanalyzer and the data obtained were compared with Brix % data. In addition, the breed of the mother, the number of calves, the season of birth, the quality of colostrum, the amount of colostrum given, the route of administration of colostrum were determined in the enterprises included in the study, and the results obtained were evaluated with statistical methods. Colostrum brix values in study groups; 15 (25%) in Group 1, 14 (23.3%) in Group 2, 11 (18.3%) in Group 3 colostrum samples <22% (Ig <50 mg/mL) was determined to be inadquate. There was no statistically significant difference between the colostrum measurements made with brix refractometer between the groups (P>0.05). The serum total protein concentrations of the study groups were 28 (46.6%) in Group 1, 30 (50%) in Group 2, and 32 (53.3%) in Group 3 of the %Brix value (<8.4%) of the serum samples was low and failure of passive transfer was determined. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in total protein values measured by brix refractometer (p>0.05). Total protein levels of the groups were measured as 6.26±1.36 in Group 1, 6.46±1.83 in Group 2 and 6.47±1.73 in Group 3. The mean of total protein concentration of all groups was determined as 6.40±1.65. There was no statistically significant difference in BS-120 total protein values between the groups (p>0.05). A positive correlation was determined between serum %Brix values and serum total protein and GGT levels. It was determined that 97.2% of the farms were not vaccinated in the dry period, 80% of the calves were born in the winter, 31.6% were not given colostrum on time, 66% were not given enough colostrum, 78.8% were fed from the mother and 83% were sheltered with the mother. As a result, the colostrum quality in cattle in Samsun Region was insufficient at the rate of 25%, 22% and 18.3% in 3 groups, respectively. When the total protein concentrations were evaluated, it was determined that passive transfer failure occurred in 46.6%, 50% and 53.3% of the 3 groups, respectively. The results show that the regional farms deal with livestock with similar habits, the quality of colostrum is significantly poor and FPT is formed at an average rate of 50%, this situation will reduce calf development and productivity, increase susceptibility to diseases and cause serious economic losses. In order to increase colostrum quality and prevent failure of passive transfer, it was concluded that educational studies should be carried out on subjects such as dry period vaccination, colostrum administration time, amount of administration and feeding method, and businesses should be informed.
In this study, it was aimed to investigate failure of passive transfer (FPT) and colostrum quality in cattle in Samsun Region with Brix Digital Refractometer. The study was conducted in 40 cattle farms (n=180 colostrum and calves) after birth. Cattle farms were divided into 3 groups according to the number of animals they housed. In each farm, 1 mL of fresh colostrum sample was taken from the mother (0-3 hours) after birth, and 5 ml of blood sample was taken from calves within 24-48 hours following delivery, in accordance with the procedure. In order to determine quality in the colostrum samples and failure of passve transfer in calves, % ratios were determine by Brix digital refractometer. If the results were ≥22% (Ig >50 mg/mL, 50 g/L) colostrum was of good quality, if <22% (Ig <50 mg/mL) the colostrum was of poor quality (inadequate). In calf blood serum samples, if the result was <8.4% with Brix digital refractometer, it was considered as passive transfer failure. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and total protein (TP) ratios, which are important indicators of FPT, in calf serum samples were measured in an autoanalyzer and the data obtained were compared with Brix % data. In addition, the breed of the mother, the number of calves, the season of birth, the quality of colostrum, the amount of colostrum given, the route of administration of colostrum were determined in the enterprises included in the study, and the results obtained were evaluated with statistical methods. Colostrum brix values in study groups; 15 (25%) in Group 1, 14 (23.3%) in Group 2, 11 (18.3%) in Group 3 colostrum samples <22% (Ig <50 mg/mL) was determined to be inadquate. There was no statistically significant difference between the colostrum measurements made with brix refractometer between the groups (P>0.05). The serum total protein concentrations of the study groups were 28 (46.6%) in Group 1, 30 (50%) in Group 2, and 32 (53.3%) in Group 3 of the %Brix value (<8.4%) of the serum samples was low and failure of passive transfer was determined. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in total protein values measured by brix refractometer (p>0.05). Total protein levels of the groups were measured as 6.26±1.36 in Group 1, 6.46±1.83 in Group 2 and 6.47±1.73 in Group 3. The mean of total protein concentration of all groups was determined as 6.40±1.65. There was no statistically significant difference in BS-120 total protein values between the groups (p>0.05). A positive correlation was determined between serum %Brix values and serum total protein and GGT levels. It was determined that 97.2% of the farms were not vaccinated in the dry period, 80% of the calves were born in the winter, 31.6% were not given colostrum on time, 66% were not given enough colostrum, 78.8% were fed from the mother and 83% were sheltered with the mother. As a result, the colostrum quality in cattle in Samsun Region was insufficient at the rate of 25%, 22% and 18.3% in 3 groups, respectively. When the total protein concentrations were evaluated, it was determined that passive transfer failure occurred in 46.6%, 50% and 53.3% of the 3 groups, respectively. The results show that the regional farms deal with livestock with similar habits, the quality of colostrum is significantly poor and FPT is formed at an average rate of 50%, this situation will reduce calf development and productivity, increase susceptibility to diseases and cause serious economic losses. In order to increase colostrum quality and prevent failure of passive transfer, it was concluded that educational studies should be carried out on subjects such as dry period vaccination, colostrum administration time, amount of administration and feeding method, and businesses should be informed.
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