Publication: Betonarme Yapılarda Kullanılan Sismik Yalıtım Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi
Abstract
Dünyanın oluşumundan bu zamana kadar sismik hareketler sürekli olarak etkili olmuştur. Bazen büyüklüğü ve şiddeti hissedilmeyecek kadar az olurken bazen de çok yüksek büyüklükte ve şiddette gerçekleşmiş ve birçok can ve mal kaybına sebep olmuştur. Ülkemiz dünyada bu sismik hareketlerin aktif olarak gerçekleştiği bir bölgede yer almaktadır. Ülkemizin alan bakımından %92' si nüfus bakımından ise %95' i deprem kuşağı üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Yurdumuz, eski zamanlarda olduğu gibi günümüzde de ciddi depremlerle karşılaşmış ve bu depremler çok fazla can ve mal kaybına neden olmuştur. Dünyada ve ülkemizde engellenemez doğal afetler arasında yer alan depremlerin etkilerini en aza indirmek için geleneksel yapılar üzerinde birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar sonucu ortaya çıkan teknikler her ne kadar etkili olsa da yapıların depremden korunması ihtiyacını tam olarak karşılayamamıştır. Gelişen teknolojinin de yardımıyla daha ileri izolasyon yöntemleri ortaya atılmıştır. Bu yöntemlerde amaç, sadece yapının yıkılmasını engellemek değil aynı zaman da yapının devamlılığını sağlamaktır. Bu yöntemlere sismik izolasyon yöntemleri adı verilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda klasik yapı tasarımının dezavantajları, sismik izolasyon yöntemlerinin gelişimi, sismik izolasyon yöntemlerinin dünyada ve ülkemizdeki uygulamaları, yapılarda kullanılan sismik izolasyon yöntemleri, sismik izolasyon sistemlerinden pasif kontrol, aktif kontrol, yarı-aktif kontrol ve karma kontrol sistemlerinin çeşitlerinden bahsedilmiş ve bu yapılan uygulamalar detaylıca incelenmiştir. Sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle SAP2000 programında 5 katlı bir betonarme yapı ankastre mesnetli olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu yapıya, ayrı ayrı sırasıyla izolatör ve sönümleyici eklenerek bu yöntemlerin yapıya etkileri hesaplanmıştır. İlk 5 periyoda göre, yer değiştirmeleri, maksimum ve minimum moment ve kesme kuvvetleri hesaplanmış ve bu sonuçlar ankastre mesnetli yapının sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde izolatör ve sönümleyicinin klasik yönteme göre yapıyı daha güvenli tarafta bıraktığı hesaplamalarımızda görülmüştür. Anahtar Sözcükler: Sismik izolasyon sistemleri, Aktif kontrol, Pasif kontrol, Betonarme yapılar, Periyot
Since the formation of the world, seismic movements have been constantly effective. Sometimes its size and severity were so small that it was not felt, sometimes it was of very high magnitude and severity, causing many loss of life and property. Our country is located in a region where these seismic movements occur actively in the world. 92% of our country in terms of area and 95% of population is on the earthquake zone. Our country has faced serious earthquakes today as it was in the past, and these earthquakes have caused a lot of loss of life and property. Many studies have been carried out on traditional structures in order to minimize the effects of earthquakes, which are among the unavoidable natural disasters in the world and in our country. Although the techniques that emerged as a result of these studies were effective, they could not fully meet the need for the protection of structures from earthquakes. With the help of developing technology, more advanced isolation methods have been put forward. The purpose of these methods is not only to prevent the collapse of the structure, but also to ensure the continuity of the structure. These methods are called seismic isolation methods. In this study, the disadvantages of classical building design, the development of seismic isolation methods, the applications of seismic isolation methods in the world and in our country, seismic isolation methods used in buildings, types of seismic isolation systems such as passive control, active control, semi-active control and mixed control systems are mentioned and these applications are discussed in detail. examined. A 5-storey reinforced concrete structure was designed with a fixed support in the SAP2000 program using the finite element method. The effects of these methods on the structure were calculated by adding an insulator and damper to this structure, respectively. According to the first 5 periods, displacements, maximum and minimum moments and shear forces were calculated and these results were compared with the results of the fixed support structure. When the analysis results are examined, it is seen in our calculations that the insulator and damper leave the structure on the safer side compared to the classical method. Keywords: Seismic isolation systems, Active control, Passive control, Reinforced concrete structures, Period
Since the formation of the world, seismic movements have been constantly effective. Sometimes its size and severity were so small that it was not felt, sometimes it was of very high magnitude and severity, causing many loss of life and property. Our country is located in a region where these seismic movements occur actively in the world. 92% of our country in terms of area and 95% of population is on the earthquake zone. Our country has faced serious earthquakes today as it was in the past, and these earthquakes have caused a lot of loss of life and property. Many studies have been carried out on traditional structures in order to minimize the effects of earthquakes, which are among the unavoidable natural disasters in the world and in our country. Although the techniques that emerged as a result of these studies were effective, they could not fully meet the need for the protection of structures from earthquakes. With the help of developing technology, more advanced isolation methods have been put forward. The purpose of these methods is not only to prevent the collapse of the structure, but also to ensure the continuity of the structure. These methods are called seismic isolation methods. In this study, the disadvantages of classical building design, the development of seismic isolation methods, the applications of seismic isolation methods in the world and in our country, seismic isolation methods used in buildings, types of seismic isolation systems such as passive control, active control, semi-active control and mixed control systems are mentioned and these applications are discussed in detail. examined. A 5-storey reinforced concrete structure was designed with a fixed support in the SAP2000 program using the finite element method. The effects of these methods on the structure were calculated by adding an insulator and damper to this structure, respectively. According to the first 5 periods, displacements, maximum and minimum moments and shear forces were calculated and these results were compared with the results of the fixed support structure. When the analysis results are examined, it is seen in our calculations that the insulator and damper leave the structure on the safer side compared to the classical method. Keywords: Seismic isolation systems, Active control, Passive control, Reinforced concrete structures, Period
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