Publication: Farklı Topoğrafik Pozisyonlarda Yer Alan Bazalt Ana Materyal Üzerinde Oluşmuş Toprakların Jeobiyopedolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma farklı topoğrafik pozisyon ve farklı arazi kullanım alanlarında toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerinin mevsimlere bağlı olarak değişimini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla Samsun ili Engiz Havzası'nda deniz seviyesinden 20-270 m arasında değişkenlik gösteren yükseltilerde tarım, orman ve mera alanlarından olmak üzere etek, yamaç ve tepe pozisyonlarında yer alan bazaltik ana materyal üzerinde oluşan topraklarda ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış mevsimlerinde 0-20 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra çalışma alanında örnek alınan noktalarda 6 adet profil çukuru açılarak horizon esasına göre toprak örnekleri de alınmış ve profil boyunca toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik, morfolojik, mineralojik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca toprakların ayrışma düzeylerinin tespit edilmesinde jeokimyasal yaklaşımlar uyarlanarak yarı ılıman iklim şartlarında oluşan toprakların kimyasal ayrışma oranlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre açılan profillerden horizon esasına göre alınan örneklerde genellikle üst toprak katmanlarının alt toprak derinliklerine göre daha yüksek biyolojik özelliklere sahip olduğu ve derinlik arttıkça mikrobiyal biyomas C, CO2 üretimi ile bazı enzim aktivitelerinde azalmalar meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Yüzey toprak örneklerinde ise biyolojik toprak özelliklerinin genellikle ilkbahar ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde daha yüksek olduğu, orman ve mera alanlarının tarım alanlarına göre daha yüksek mikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu ve topoğrafya bakımından ise tepe pozisyonunun etek ve yamaç pozisyonlarına göre hem mikrobiyal hem de enzim aktiviteleri açısından daha yüksek değerler gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Bu bakımdan çalışma alanındaki toprakların mevsim, topoğrafya ve arazi kullanımına bağlı olarak fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerinde önemli değişimler meydana geldiği ve yapılan korelasyon analizlerinin sonucunda bu özelliklerin birbirleri ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mevsim, Topoğrafya, Arazi kullanımı, Mikroorganizma, Enzim aktivitesi, Toprak oluşumu
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils in different topographic positions and different land use areas depending on the seasonal changes. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm depth from agriculture, pasture and forest land on soils formed on the basaltic parent material at the footslope, backslope and hillslope positions, in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons in the altitudes varying between 20-270 m above sea level in Engiz Basin of Samsun province. In addition, 6 profile pits were opened at the points taken in the study area and soil samples were taken according to horizon basis and the physical, chemical, biological, morphological, mineralogical and geochemical properties of soils were investigated along the profile. In addition, it was aimed to determine the chemical decomposition rates of soils formed in semi-temperate climatic conditions by adapting geochemical approaches in determining the decomposition levels of soils. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the upper soil layer had higher biological properties than the lower soil depth in the samples taken on horizon basis and microbial biomass C, CO2 production and some enzyme activities decreased with increasing depth. In surface soil samples, it was determined that biological soil properties were generally higher in spring and autumn seasons, forest and pasture areas had higher microbial activity than agricultural areas and also in terms of topography, it was found that the hillslope position showed higher values than footslope and backslope positions in both microbial and enzyme activities. For this reason, significant changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils in the study area depending on season, land use and topography have been determined and as a result of correlation analyzes, these characteristics are related to each other. Keywords: Season, Topography, Land use, Microorganism, Enzyme activity, Soil formation
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils in different topographic positions and different land use areas depending on the seasonal changes. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm depth from agriculture, pasture and forest land on soils formed on the basaltic parent material at the footslope, backslope and hillslope positions, in the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons in the altitudes varying between 20-270 m above sea level in Engiz Basin of Samsun province. In addition, 6 profile pits were opened at the points taken in the study area and soil samples were taken according to horizon basis and the physical, chemical, biological, morphological, mineralogical and geochemical properties of soils were investigated along the profile. In addition, it was aimed to determine the chemical decomposition rates of soils formed in semi-temperate climatic conditions by adapting geochemical approaches in determining the decomposition levels of soils. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the upper soil layer had higher biological properties than the lower soil depth in the samples taken on horizon basis and microbial biomass C, CO2 production and some enzyme activities decreased with increasing depth. In surface soil samples, it was determined that biological soil properties were generally higher in spring and autumn seasons, forest and pasture areas had higher microbial activity than agricultural areas and also in terms of topography, it was found that the hillslope position showed higher values than footslope and backslope positions in both microbial and enzyme activities. For this reason, significant changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils in the study area depending on season, land use and topography have been determined and as a result of correlation analyzes, these characteristics are related to each other. Keywords: Season, Topography, Land use, Microorganism, Enzyme activity, Soil formation
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