Publication: Microtus Guentheri (Danford ve Alston, 1880) ve Microtus Hartingi Barret-Hamilton, 1903 Türlerinin Karyotipik Özellikleri İle Kafatası ve Mandibul Karakterlerinin Klasik Morfometrik Yönden Taksonomik İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Microtus guentheri (Danford ve Alston, 1880) ve Microtus hartingi Barret-Hamilton, 1903 türlerinin kafatası ve çene kemiği karakterlerinin karşılaştırmalı klasik morfometrik analizleri ile karyolojik özellikleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmalarında, M. hartingi türüne ait örnekler Konya (n=3), Aksaray (n=1), Tokat (n=7), Balıkesir (n=1) ve İzmir (n=1)'den, M. guentheri türüne ait örnekler ise Kilis (n=22), Gaziantep (n=5) ve Kahramanmaraş (n=5) illerinden elde edilmiştir. Toplamda 45 yetişkin örnek bu çalışmada (Microtus hartingi, n=13; M. guentheri, n=32) incelenmiştir. Microtus hartingi ve Microtus guentheri türlerinin kafatası (Ventral: 14 karakter, Dorsal: 10 karakter, Lateral: 9 karakter) ve çene kemiğinden (8 karakter) elde edilen toplam 41 karakter ölçüsü, PAST proğramında ANOVA, MANOVA, Diskriminant Analizi, PCA ve t testine tabi tutulmuştur. İki tür birbiriyle klasik morfometrik yönden karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırmalar sonucunda, morfolojik olarak M. guentheri ve M. hartingi türlerinin birbirlerinden istatiksel anlamda (p<0,05) oldukça farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Karyolojik analizlerde standart karyotip, C-bant ve G-bant analizleri uygulanmıştır. M. guentheri ve M. hartingi türlerinin diploid kromozom sayıları 2n=54 ve otozomal kromozom kol oranları NFa=52 olarak bulunmuştur. İki tür içinde otozomal kromozomlar akrosentrik şeklindedir. Eşey kromozomlarında Y kromozomu her iki tür içinde küçük akrosentrikken, X kromozomlarında farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. M. hartingi karyotipinde X kromozomu çift kollu submetasentrik kromozomken, M. guentheri türünde akrosentrik kromozom şeklindedir. C-bantlamada, M. guentheri türünün 2 nolu kromozomunda interstitial heterokromatin blok yer alması ile M. hartingi'den farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. G bantlamada ise herhangi bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye'nin batı hattında M. hartingi türünün yayılış gösterdiği ve doğu hattında yayılış gösteren M. guentheri'den karyolojik ve morfolojik yönden önemli derecede farklılık gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur.
In this study, comparative classical morphometric analysis of skull and mandible features, which are internal morphological features of Microtus guentheri (Danford and Alston, 1880) and Microtus hartingi Barret-Hamilton, 1903, as well as karyologic properties of the species were compared. Examples of M. hartingi species Konya (n = 3), Aksaray (n = 1), Tokat (n = 7) and Balıkesir (n = 1), İzmir (n = 1) examples of M. guentheri are Kilis (n = 22), Gaziantep (n = 5) and Kahramanmaraş (n = 5), a total of 45 adult samples (M. hartingi, n = 13; M. guentheri, n = 32) obtained as a result of field studies carried out in cities were used. A total of 41 character measurements obtained from skull (ventral: 14 characters, Dorsal: 10 characters, Lateral: 9 characters) and jawbone (8 characters) of Microtus hartingi and Microtus guentheri species, ANOVA, MANOVA, Discriminant Analysis, PCA and t test in PAST program has been made. The two species were compared with each other in terms of classical morphometry. As a result of these comparisons, it was determined that M. guentheri and M. hartingi species differed from each other statistically (p<0.05). Standard karyotype, C-band and G-band analyzes were applied in karyological analyses. As a result of the karyological analysis, it was found that the diploid chromosome numbers of M. guentheri and M. hartingi were 2n = 54, and the autosomal arm ratio was NFa = 52. It exists in the acrocentric form of autosomal chromosomes in two species. While the Y chromosome in the sex chromosomes is small acrocentric in both species, it has been found that there is a difference in the X chromosomes. In the M. hartingi karyotype, the X chromosome with double arms is submetacentric and in the M. guentheri type it is acrocentric. In C-banding, it was determined that M. guentheri differed from M. hartingi by the presence of interstitial heterochromatin block in chromosome 2 of M. guentheri species. There was no difference in G banding. According to the results of this study, it has been revealed that the M. hartingi species is distributed in the western line of Turkey and differs significantly from M. guentheri in the eastern line in terms of karyological and morphology.
In this study, comparative classical morphometric analysis of skull and mandible features, which are internal morphological features of Microtus guentheri (Danford and Alston, 1880) and Microtus hartingi Barret-Hamilton, 1903, as well as karyologic properties of the species were compared. Examples of M. hartingi species Konya (n = 3), Aksaray (n = 1), Tokat (n = 7) and Balıkesir (n = 1), İzmir (n = 1) examples of M. guentheri are Kilis (n = 22), Gaziantep (n = 5) and Kahramanmaraş (n = 5), a total of 45 adult samples (M. hartingi, n = 13; M. guentheri, n = 32) obtained as a result of field studies carried out in cities were used. A total of 41 character measurements obtained from skull (ventral: 14 characters, Dorsal: 10 characters, Lateral: 9 characters) and jawbone (8 characters) of Microtus hartingi and Microtus guentheri species, ANOVA, MANOVA, Discriminant Analysis, PCA and t test in PAST program has been made. The two species were compared with each other in terms of classical morphometry. As a result of these comparisons, it was determined that M. guentheri and M. hartingi species differed from each other statistically (p<0.05). Standard karyotype, C-band and G-band analyzes were applied in karyological analyses. As a result of the karyological analysis, it was found that the diploid chromosome numbers of M. guentheri and M. hartingi were 2n = 54, and the autosomal arm ratio was NFa = 52. It exists in the acrocentric form of autosomal chromosomes in two species. While the Y chromosome in the sex chromosomes is small acrocentric in both species, it has been found that there is a difference in the X chromosomes. In the M. hartingi karyotype, the X chromosome with double arms is submetacentric and in the M. guentheri type it is acrocentric. In C-banding, it was determined that M. guentheri differed from M. hartingi by the presence of interstitial heterochromatin block in chromosome 2 of M. guentheri species. There was no difference in G banding. According to the results of this study, it has been revealed that the M. hartingi species is distributed in the western line of Turkey and differs significantly from M. guentheri in the eastern line in terms of karyological and morphology.
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