Publication: Samsun İlinde Kenevir Üreticilerinin Örgütlenme İstekliliği ve Örgütlenme Model Önerisi
Abstract
Kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.), çevresel ve ekonomik avantajlarıyla dikkat çeken, çok yönlü kullanım potansiyeline sahip bir bitkidir. 50.000'den fazla farklı ürünün hammaddesi olarak değerlendirilebilmesi, onu sürdürülebilir tarım, sanayi ve yeşil kalkınma politikaları açısından önemli kılmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde kenevir üretimi, üreticiden tüketiciye kadar uzanan tüm aşamalarda kooperatif temelli örgütlü yapılarla yürütülmektedir. Bu yapı sayesinde üreticiler hem ekonomik hem de sosyal anlamda daha güçlü konumda yer almakta, tedarik zinciri üzerinde söz sahibi olabilmektedir. Türkiye'de ise hâlen kenevir üreticileri tarafından kurulmuş etkin bir tarım kooperatifi ya da tarımsal örgüt bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, kenevir pazarında üretimden pazarlamaya kadar tedarik zincirinin tüm aşamalarında özel şirketler hakimdir ve bu durum sektördeki en önemli eksiklik olarak görülmektedir. Bu tezin temel amacı, Samsun ilindeki kenevir üreticilerinin örgütlenme istekliliğini belirlemek ve bir örgütlenme modeli önermektir. Veriler, Samsun ilinde 112 kenevir çiftçisiyle basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan yüz yüze anketlerden toplanmıştır. Tercih edilen organizasyon modeli ve kriterleri belirlemek için Analitik Hiyerarşi Proses (AHP) yöntemi, örgütlenme istekliliğini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için ise CART Algoritması kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, çiftçilerin çoğunun (%89.3) tarımsal örgüt kurmaya istekli olduğunu göstermektedir. CART algoritması sonuçlarına göre, geçmişte kooperatiflerle kötü deneyimler yaşamış kenevir üreticilerinin hiçbiri örgütlenmeye istekli değildir. Bu bulgu, kooperatiflerin başarısızlığından sonra sosyal güvenin yeniden inşa edilmesinin uzun zaman alacağını göstermektedir. AHP sonuçlarına göre, kenevir üreticileri için en önemli karar kriterleri ekonomik fayda ve pazarlama avantajıdır. Tüm kriterler dikkate alındığında en çok tercih edilen örgütlenme modeli Tarımsal Kalkınma Kooperatifi'dir. Ancak, sosyal fayda ve yönetim yapısı önceliklendirildiğinde, üreticiler tarafından tercih edilen model Tarım Satış Kooperatifleri olarak değişmektedir. Kenevir sektörünün sürdürülebilirliği için, Türkiye'de kooperatif temelli bir örgüt kurulması ve üreticiden başlayarak arz zinciri boyunca tüm aktörlerin bu örgüte dahil edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a versatile plant that attracts attention with its environmental and economic advantages. It can be used as a raw material for more than 50,000 different products, making it important in terms of sustainable agriculture, industry, and green development policies. In European Union countries, hemp production is carried out through cooperative-based organized structures spanning all stages from producer to consumer. This structure enables producers to occupy a stronger position both economically and socially, and to have a say in the supply chain. In Turkey, however, there is still no effective agricultural cooperative or agricultural organization established by hemp producers. As a result, private companies dominate all stages of the supply chain, from production to marketing, in the hemp market, and this situation is seen as the most significant shortcoming in the sector. The main objective of this thesis is to determine the willingness of hemp producers in Samsun to organize and to propose an organizational model. The data were collected through face-to-face surveys conducted with 112 hemp farmers in Samsun using simple random sampling. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the preferred organizational model and criteria, while the CART Algorithm was used to identify the factors influencing the willingness to organize. The results indicate that the majority of farmers (89.3%) are willing to establish an agricultural organization. According to the CART algorithm results, none of the hemp producers who had negative experiences with cooperatives in the past are willing to organize. This finding suggests that rebuilding social trust after the failure of cooperatives will take a long time. According to AHP results, the most important decision criteria for hemp producers are economic benefit and marketing advantage. When all criteria are considered, the most preferred organizational model is the Agricultural Development Cooperative. However, when social benefit and management structure are prioritized, the model preferred by producers changes to Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives. For the sustainability of the hemp sector, it is necessary to establish a cooperative-based organization in Türkiye and to include all actors throughout the supply chain, starting with producers, in this organization.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a versatile plant that attracts attention with its environmental and economic advantages. It can be used as a raw material for more than 50,000 different products, making it important in terms of sustainable agriculture, industry, and green development policies. In European Union countries, hemp production is carried out through cooperative-based organized structures spanning all stages from producer to consumer. This structure enables producers to occupy a stronger position both economically and socially, and to have a say in the supply chain. In Turkey, however, there is still no effective agricultural cooperative or agricultural organization established by hemp producers. As a result, private companies dominate all stages of the supply chain, from production to marketing, in the hemp market, and this situation is seen as the most significant shortcoming in the sector. The main objective of this thesis is to determine the willingness of hemp producers in Samsun to organize and to propose an organizational model. The data were collected through face-to-face surveys conducted with 112 hemp farmers in Samsun using simple random sampling. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the preferred organizational model and criteria, while the CART Algorithm was used to identify the factors influencing the willingness to organize. The results indicate that the majority of farmers (89.3%) are willing to establish an agricultural organization. According to the CART algorithm results, none of the hemp producers who had negative experiences with cooperatives in the past are willing to organize. This finding suggests that rebuilding social trust after the failure of cooperatives will take a long time. According to AHP results, the most important decision criteria for hemp producers are economic benefit and marketing advantage. When all criteria are considered, the most preferred organizational model is the Agricultural Development Cooperative. However, when social benefit and management structure are prioritized, the model preferred by producers changes to Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives. For the sustainability of the hemp sector, it is necessary to establish a cooperative-based organization in Türkiye and to include all actors throughout the supply chain, starting with producers, in this organization.
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