Publication: Clinical and Pathological Evaluation of Kidney Biopsies Performed on Renal Transplant Patients at Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Nephrology Department Between 2013 and 2022
Abstract
Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışma, nakil sonrası dönemde izlenen klinik özellikler ve laboratuvar bulguların olası greft kaybını ve süresini ön görmedeki önemini değerlendirmek ve greft disfonksiyonu ve kaybı sebeplerini anlamak amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Olgular ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif yuvalanmış-kohort çalışmasında, Ocak 2013 ve Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Nefroloji Bilim Dalı'nda düzenli olarak takip edilen 260 renal transplantlı hastanın klinik ve laboratuvar verileri analiz edildi. Öncelikli hedef transplant sonrası biyopsi sonuçlarının greft kaybı ve greft kaybı için geçen süreyi ön görmedeki değeriydi. Bulgular: Greft kaybı izlenen hasta sayısı 5 yıl içerisinde (%9.6), 10 yıl içerisinde (%20.8) olarak görüldü. Premptif nakillerde nakil sonrası diyalize dönüş için geçen süre daha uzundu [HR: 1.874 (1.058-3.318), p=0.031]. Nakil sonrası ilk biyopsi için geçen sürenin (TtBx1) kısalması sağkalımda azalma ile ilişkiliydi (p=0.001). Akut hücresel ve kronik rejeksiyon tanısı alanlarda diyabetes mellitus (T2DM) sırası ile 1.901 (95%CI: 1.011-3.575) ve 2.413 (95%CI: 1.113-5.230) kat fazla izlendi ve T2DM nakil sonrası graft kaybı riskini arttırmaktaydı (HR: 1.78 [1.119-2.833], p=0.015). Kreatinin artışı ve GFH'nin azalması 1. ay, 6. Ay, 1.yıl ve 5. yıl ölçümlerinde greft kaybı riski ile ilişkiliydi (tümü için, p<0.001). Sonuç: Bu çalışma böbrek nakilli hastalarda; nakil öncesi diyaliz modalitesini, ilk biyopsi için geçen zamanı (TtBx1) ve hastanın nakil öncesi DM tanısının olmasını allograft disfonksiyonu ve greft kaybı için bağımsız risk faktörleri olarak tanımlamıştır. Ayrıca spot idrar örneklerindeki protein/kreatinin oranlarının da genel sağ kalım ve greft kaybı için prognozu göstermede başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini kanıtlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyabet, Renal Transplantasyon, Proteinüri, Greft Kaybı, Preemptif Nakil, Nakil Sonrası İlk Biyopsi İçin Geçen Zaman
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings observed in the post-transplant period in predicting potential graft loss and duration, as well as to understand the causes of graft dysfunction and loss. Cases and Methods: In this retrospective nested-cohort study, the clinical and laboratory data of 260 transplant patients who were regularly monitored at the Nephrology Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University between January 2013 and December 2022 were analysed. The primary aim was to evaluate the predictive value of post-transplant biopsy results for graft loss and the time to graft loss. Results: The rate of graft loss in patients was observed to be 9.6% within 5 years and 20.8% within 10 years. In preemptive transplants, the time to return to dialysis after transplantation was found to be longer [HR: 1.874 (1.058-3.318), p=0.031]. A shorter time to the first biopsy post-transplantation (TtBx1) was associated with reduced survival (p=0.001). In patients diagnosed with acute cellular and chronic rejection, the presence of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was observed to be 1.901 times (95% CI: 1.011-3.575) and 2.413 times (95% CI: 1.113-5.230) higher, respectively, and T2DM increased the risk of post-transplant graft loss [HR: 1.78 (1.119-2.833), p=0.015]. Increases in creatinine and decreases in GFR at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years post-transplant were associated with the risk of graft loss (for all, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study identified pre-transplant haemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis (HD/PD), the time to the first biopsy (TtBx1), and a pre-existing diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) as independent risk factors for allograft dysfunction and graft loss in kidney transplant patients. Additionally, it demonstrates that protein/creatinine ratios in spot urine samples can effectively be used to indicate prognosis for overall survival and graft loss. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Renal Transplantation, Proteinuria, Graft Loss, Preemptive Transplant, Time to First Post-Transplant Biopsy
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings observed in the post-transplant period in predicting potential graft loss and duration, as well as to understand the causes of graft dysfunction and loss. Cases and Methods: In this retrospective nested-cohort study, the clinical and laboratory data of 260 transplant patients who were regularly monitored at the Nephrology Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University between January 2013 and December 2022 were analysed. The primary aim was to evaluate the predictive value of post-transplant biopsy results for graft loss and the time to graft loss. Results: The rate of graft loss in patients was observed to be 9.6% within 5 years and 20.8% within 10 years. In preemptive transplants, the time to return to dialysis after transplantation was found to be longer [HR: 1.874 (1.058-3.318), p=0.031]. A shorter time to the first biopsy post-transplantation (TtBx1) was associated with reduced survival (p=0.001). In patients diagnosed with acute cellular and chronic rejection, the presence of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was observed to be 1.901 times (95% CI: 1.011-3.575) and 2.413 times (95% CI: 1.113-5.230) higher, respectively, and T2DM increased the risk of post-transplant graft loss [HR: 1.78 (1.119-2.833), p=0.015]. Increases in creatinine and decreases in GFR at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years post-transplant were associated with the risk of graft loss (for all, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study identified pre-transplant haemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis (HD/PD), the time to the first biopsy (TtBx1), and a pre-existing diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) as independent risk factors for allograft dysfunction and graft loss in kidney transplant patients. Additionally, it demonstrates that protein/creatinine ratios in spot urine samples can effectively be used to indicate prognosis for overall survival and graft loss. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Renal Transplantation, Proteinuria, Graft Loss, Preemptive Transplant, Time to First Post-Transplant Biopsy
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