Publication: 2-2.45 Ghz Mikrodalga Frekansinin (mw) Oluşturduğu Elektromanyetik Alanin (ema) Rat Testis Dokusunda Er Stres Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Elektromanyetik alan, elektrik yükleri ve akımlarının etkileşimi sonucunda oluşan fiziksel bir alandır ve Wi-Fi de EMA'yı oluşturma özelliğine sahip olan teknolojilerdendir. Enfeksiyon, oksijen eksikliği, kimyasallar, fazla yağ, yetersiz beslenme ve genetik bozukluklar gibi etkenler dışında EMA'da ER'nin normal işleyişini bozarak, katlanmamış veya yanlış katlanmış proteinlerin birikimiyle ER stres meydana getirmektedir. ER stres nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, akciğer, karaciğer, göz hastalıkları gibi çeşitli hastalıklara neden olabilir. ER stres meydana geldikten sonra UPR cevabı meydana gelir ve protein katlanmasında görevli şaperon olan GRP78, ER stres belirteçleri olan IRE1, PERK, ATF6'dan ayrılarak bu üç sinyal yolağını etkinleştirir. Sinyal yolağı etkinleştiğinde IRE1, PERK ve ATF6 gen ekspresyon düzeyleri artmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, 2-2.45 GHz MW frekansında (V/m, SAR (10g) 0,00208 W/kg) EMA'ya maruz kalan ratların testis dokularında GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 genlerinin ekpresyon düzeylerindeki değişiklikler belirlenerek EMA'nın ER stres üzerine etkisini incelenmiştir. Çalışma için 24 adet albino Wistar rat kullanılmıştır ve I. Gruptaki ratlar EMA'ya maruz bırakılmazken, II. grup ratlar günde 1 saat olacak şekilde 60 gün süreyle (3 V/m, SAR (10g) 0,00208 W/kg) 2.45 GHz MW radyasyonuna maruz bırakılmıştır. 60 günün sonunda, tüm ratlara 0,5 cc ketamin ile anestezi uygulanmış ve ratlar servikal dislokasyonla sakrifiye edilmiştir. Homojenize edilen testis dokularından elde edilen mRNA'lar cDNA'ya çevrilerek GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 gen ekspresyon düzeyleri qPCR yöntemiyle ölçülmüştür. EMA uygulanan ratların testis dokularında kontrol grubuna kıyasla GRP78 (p=0,263), PERK (p=0,236), IRE1 (p=0,240) ve ATF6 (p=0,203) gen ekspresyon düzeylerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Bulgularımız, 2.45 GHz MW frekasında EMA'nın testis dokusunda ER strese neden olmadığını, ER stres kaynaklı testiküler hasar ve kanser gibi hastalıklara yol açmayacağını düşündürmektedir.
Electromagnetic field is a physical field formed as a result of the interaction of electrical charges and currents, and Wi-Fi is one of the technologies that has the ability to create EMF. Apart from factors such as infection, lack of oxygen, chemicals, excess fat, malnutrition and genetic disorders, EMF disrupts the normal functioning of the ER and causes ER stress with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. ER stress can cause various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, lung, liver and eye diseases. After ER stress occurs, the UPR response occurs and GRP78, the chaperone responsible for protein folding, separates from the ER stress markers IRE1, PERK, ATF6 and activates these three signaling pathways. When the signaling pathway is activated, IRE1, PERK and ATF6 gene expression levels increase. In our study, we determined the changes in the expression levels of GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 genes in the testicular tissues of rats exposed to EMF at 2-2.45 GHz MW frequency (V/m, SAR (10g) 0.00208 W/kg). 24 albino Wistar rats were used for the study, and while the rats in Group I were not exposed to EMF, rats in Group II were not exposed to EMF. group of rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz MW radiation for 1 hour a day for 60 days (3 V/m, SAR (10g) 0.00208 W/kg). At the end of 60 days, all rats were anesthetized with 0.5 cc of ketamine and were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. mRNAs obtained from homogenized testicular tissues were converted into cDNA and GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 gene expression levels were measured by qPCR method. No statistically significant difference was detected in the gene expression levels of GRP78 (p=0.263), PERK (p=0.236), IRE1 (p=0.240) and ATF6 (p=0.203) in the testicular tissues of EMA-treated rats compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that EMF at 2.45 GHz MW frequency does not cause ER stress in testicular tissue and will not cause diseases such as ER stress-induced testicular damage and cancer.
Electromagnetic field is a physical field formed as a result of the interaction of electrical charges and currents, and Wi-Fi is one of the technologies that has the ability to create EMF. Apart from factors such as infection, lack of oxygen, chemicals, excess fat, malnutrition and genetic disorders, EMF disrupts the normal functioning of the ER and causes ER stress with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. ER stress can cause various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, lung, liver and eye diseases. After ER stress occurs, the UPR response occurs and GRP78, the chaperone responsible for protein folding, separates from the ER stress markers IRE1, PERK, ATF6 and activates these three signaling pathways. When the signaling pathway is activated, IRE1, PERK and ATF6 gene expression levels increase. In our study, we determined the changes in the expression levels of GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 genes in the testicular tissues of rats exposed to EMF at 2-2.45 GHz MW frequency (V/m, SAR (10g) 0.00208 W/kg). 24 albino Wistar rats were used for the study, and while the rats in Group I were not exposed to EMF, rats in Group II were not exposed to EMF. group of rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz MW radiation for 1 hour a day for 60 days (3 V/m, SAR (10g) 0.00208 W/kg). At the end of 60 days, all rats were anesthetized with 0.5 cc of ketamine and were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. mRNAs obtained from homogenized testicular tissues were converted into cDNA and GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 gene expression levels were measured by qPCR method. No statistically significant difference was detected in the gene expression levels of GRP78 (p=0.263), PERK (p=0.236), IRE1 (p=0.240) and ATF6 (p=0.203) in the testicular tissues of EMA-treated rats compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that EMF at 2.45 GHz MW frequency does not cause ER stress in testicular tissue and will not cause diseases such as ER stress-induced testicular damage and cancer.
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