Publication: Bafra ve Çarşamba Ovaları Yazlık Sebze Üretim Alanlarındaki En Yaygın Tür Olan M.Incognita'nın Morfolojisi, Domatesteki Biyolojisi ve Kökür Nematodları (Meloidogyne Spp.)'nın Ovalardaki Yayılışı ile Bulaşıklılık Oranları
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ÖZET Kökurnematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) dünyada geniş bir yayılma alanına sahip iki binden fazla değişik bitki türünde endoparazit olarak beslenen, büyük ekonomik önemdeki türlerdir. 1994-1995 yıllarında yürütülen bu araştırmada da; M. incognita türünün domatesteki biyolojisi ve değişik dönemlerinin morfolojisi ile, Samsun ili Bafra ve Çarşamba Ovaları yazlık sebze üretim alanlarında kökurnematodlarının yayılışı ve bulaşıklılık oranları saptanmıştır. Çalışmada zararlının domates bitkisindeki biyolojisi, 16 saat aydınlanma, %70 nem sağlanan koşullarda ve 21 ±2 °C gece, 26+2 °C gündüz sıcaklıkta izlenmiştir. Bafra ve Çarşamba Ovaları, yazlık sebze üretim alanlarında kökurnematodlannın yayılış ve bulaşıklılık oranını tespit etmek amacıyla da; Bafra ilçesinde 25 köyden 45, Çarşamba ilçesinde ise 53 köyden, 92 farklı sebze üretim alanından toprak ve kök örnekleri alınıp, ekstraksiyona tabi tutulmuş; ayrıca kökler 0- 4 bulaşıklılık skalasına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Morfolojik çalışmalar ile M. incognita yumurtalarının 43.23 ± 0.02u, eninde ve 110.29 ± 0.83jı boyunda, şeffaf beyaz renginde oldukları saptanmıştır. Preparazitik ikinci dönem larvalar ise 17. 78 ± 0.04u en ve 374.25 ± 0.33u boyundadır. Doku içine giren parazitik larvaların boyunda bir değişiklik olmaz iken, beslenme devam ettikçe enlerinde bir artış olmaktadır. Üçüncü ve dördüncü dönem larvalarda stilet ve median bulb belirsizleşir ve bu dönemlerde beslenme olmaz. Ergin dişiler 453.26 ± 2.02u eninde, 765.04 ± 3.40(i boyunda ve ergin erkekler ise 47.22 ± 0.1 7^ı eninde ve 1640.13 + 2.78u boyundadır. Biyoloji takibi sonucunda, nematodun ikinci larva dönemi, inokulasyondan sonra 15-18 gün devam etmiş, üçüncü larva dönemi aynı gün içinde tamamlanmıştır. Ergin erkek, dişiden önce olmuş; ilk ergin erkeğe 19. gün, ilk ergin dişiye ise 20. gün rastlanmıştır. Yumurtlayan ilk dişi ise, yine inokulasyondan sonraki 22. günde tespit edilmiştir. Yayılış tespiti çalışmalarının neticesinde; bulaşıklığın Bafra Ovası'nda % 22.22, Çarşamba'da ise % 27.17 oranlarında olduğu saptanmıştır. Bafra'da en fazla 1 (% 60), Çarşamba'da ise en fazla 1 ve 4 (% 28) skala değerlerinde bulaşıktık tespitedilmiştir. Dişi nematodların perineal preparatlarından yararlanarak yapılan tür teşhisleri neticesinde, en yaygın türün %65 oranı ile Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid, White 1919) Chitwood 1949 olduğu, onu % 22.5 oranı ile M. arenana (Neal, 1989) Chitwood 1949 ve % 12.5 oranı ile M. hapla Chitwood 1949 izlediği saptanmıştır.
57 7. SUMMARY Root-knot nematodes which are endoparasites of two thousand different plants have a great economic importance and are wide-spread. The biology and morphology of different development stages of M. incognita in tomato and the distributions and infestation rates of root-knot nematodes in summer vegetable growing areas in Bafra abd Çarşamba plains were determined in this research which was performed in 1994-1995. The biology of M. incognita in tomato was investigated under 16 hour light, 70 % relative humidity, 21+2°C night 26±2°C day temperature conditions. In order to determine the distribution and the ratio of infestation of root-knot nematodes in summer vegetable growing areas in Bafra and Çarşamba plains, root and soil samples were collected from 45 areas in 25 village in Bafra and 92 growing areas in 53 village in Çarşamba. Then these samples were extracted and in addition roots were evaluated according to '0-4 root-gall index'. After the morphological studies, the eggs of M. incognita which are transparent and white colour was measured as 43.21 ±0.02jx width and 110.29±0.83|j, lenght. Preparasitic second stage juveniles were 17.78±0.04n width and 374.25±0.33n lenght. Although there were no differencies in the lenght of the parasitic second stage juveniles in the plant tissue, the width of juveniles increased while the parasitism were continuing. The stylet and median bulb were disappeared in the third and fourth stage juveniles so there was no feeding during these stages. It was measured that adult females were 453.26+2.02jx width, 765.04±3.40[.i lenght and adult males were 47.22+0. 17|i width, 1640.13±2.78n lenght. After the biological studies, the second juvenile stage lasted 15-18 days after inoculation and the third juvenile stage was completed on the same day. Adult male was found before female; first adult mmale was found on 19th day, first adult female was found on 20th day. First egg laying female was found 22 day after inoculation. It was observed that the ratio of infestation of root-knot nematodes was 22.22% in Bafra plane and 27.17% in Çarşamba plane. The most common index was '1' (60%) in Bafra and '1'and'4' (28%) in Çarşamba. After the identification by58 using female perineal pattern, M. incognita was found as the most common species with a rate of 65% and M. arenana and M. hapla fallowed this species with the rates of 22.5% and 12.5% respectively.
57 7. SUMMARY Root-knot nematodes which are endoparasites of two thousand different plants have a great economic importance and are wide-spread. The biology and morphology of different development stages of M. incognita in tomato and the distributions and infestation rates of root-knot nematodes in summer vegetable growing areas in Bafra abd Çarşamba plains were determined in this research which was performed in 1994-1995. The biology of M. incognita in tomato was investigated under 16 hour light, 70 % relative humidity, 21+2°C night 26±2°C day temperature conditions. In order to determine the distribution and the ratio of infestation of root-knot nematodes in summer vegetable growing areas in Bafra and Çarşamba plains, root and soil samples were collected from 45 areas in 25 village in Bafra and 92 growing areas in 53 village in Çarşamba. Then these samples were extracted and in addition roots were evaluated according to '0-4 root-gall index'. After the morphological studies, the eggs of M. incognita which are transparent and white colour was measured as 43.21 ±0.02jx width and 110.29±0.83|j, lenght. Preparasitic second stage juveniles were 17.78±0.04n width and 374.25±0.33n lenght. Although there were no differencies in the lenght of the parasitic second stage juveniles in the plant tissue, the width of juveniles increased while the parasitism were continuing. The stylet and median bulb were disappeared in the third and fourth stage juveniles so there was no feeding during these stages. It was measured that adult females were 453.26+2.02jx width, 765.04±3.40[.i lenght and adult males were 47.22+0. 17|i width, 1640.13±2.78n lenght. After the biological studies, the second juvenile stage lasted 15-18 days after inoculation and the third juvenile stage was completed on the same day. Adult male was found before female; first adult mmale was found on 19th day, first adult female was found on 20th day. First egg laying female was found 22 day after inoculation. It was observed that the ratio of infestation of root-knot nematodes was 22.22% in Bafra plane and 27.17% in Çarşamba plane. The most common index was '1' (60%) in Bafra and '1'and'4' (28%) in Çarşamba. After the identification by58 using female perineal pattern, M. incognita was found as the most common species with a rate of 65% and M. arenana and M. hapla fallowed this species with the rates of 22.5% and 12.5% respectively.
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Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 1996
Libra Kayıt No: 37158
Libra Kayıt No: 37158
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Scopus Q
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58
