Publication: Genetik Absans Epilepsili Wag Rij Sıçanlarda Rivastigminin Diken Dalga Deşarjlara Etkisi
Abstract
Giriş-Amaç: Sunulan çalışma, bir asetilkolinesteraz inhibitörü olan ve demans semptomlarının tedavisinde kullanılan Rivastigmin (RİVA) ile T-tipi kalsiyum kanal blokeri NNC 55-0396'nın (NNC) genetik absans epilepsili WAG/Rij sıçanlarda görülen diken-dalga deşarjları (DDD); öğrenme-hafıza ve anksiyete komorbiteleri ve TRPV1 gen ekspresyonu üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: RİVA'nın DDD üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla WAG/Rij sıçanların kafataslarına tripolar elektrotlar yerleştirilerek akut ve uzun dönem kayıtları elde edildi. Bu aşamadan sonra, RİVA ile T-tipi kalsiyum kanal blokeri NNC 55-0396 (NNC) etkileşimi çalışıldı. Uzun dönem (yirmi bir gün) etkili doz RİVA verilen WAG/Rij ve Wistar sıçanlara öğrenme-hafıza ve anksiyete davranış testleri yapıldı. Davranış testi uygulanan sıçanların korteks ve hipokampusları çıkarılarak qPCR ile TRPV1 gen ekspresyonu araştırıldı. Bulgular: 0,25; 0,5; 1 ve 2 mg/kg dozlarında uygulanan akut RİVA doz bağımlı olarak DDD sayılarını istatistiksel olarak azalttı. DDD ortalama süreleri açısından yalnızca 1 ve 2 mg/kg RİVA dozları azaltıcı etki gösterdi. Etkisiz doz RİVA (0,125 mg/kg; i.p.) ve etkisiz doz NNC (5 µgr; inraserebroventriküler (i.s.v.)) kombinasyonu da DDD sayılarını azalttı. Etkili doz RİVA (2 mg/kg) uzun dönem uygulandığında ise DDD sayısını artırırken ortalama süreyi azalttı. WAG/Rij sıçanlara uzun dönem yüksek doz uygulanan RİVA, kısa süreli hafızayı olumsuz yönde etkilerken, anksiyeteyi azalttı. qPCR sonuçlarına göre, WAG/Rij sıçanlarda TRPV1 gen ekspresyonları azalırken, Wistar sıçanlarda artış saptandı. Sonuçlar: RİVA, akut dönemde antiepileptik etki gösterirken, uzun dönemde proepileptik aktivite oluşturmaktadır. RİVA'nın antiepileptik etkisinin T-tipi kalsiyum kanal inhibisyonu aracılığıyla olabileceği kanaatine varıldı. RİVA uygulanması hafızayı olumsuz yönde etkilerken, anksiyeteyi azalttı. Diğer taraftan, WAG/Rij ve Wistar sıçanlara uzun dönem RİVA uygulandığında, TRPV1 ekspresyonları açısından birbirine zıt sonuçlar elde edildi.
Introduction-Aim: The present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Rivastigmine (RIVA), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of dementia symptoms, with/without the T-type calsium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 (NNC) on spike-wave discharges (SWDs); comorbidities (learning-memory and anxiety) and and the TRPV1 geneexpression in genetic absence epileptic WAG/Rij rats. Methods: To determine the effect of RIVA on SWDs, tripolar electrodes were placed on the skulls of WAG/Rij rats then acute and long-term recordings were obtained. After this stage, the interaction between RIVA and T-type calcium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 (NNC) was studied. Learning-memory and anxiety behavior tests were performed to WAG/Rij and Wistar rats that given long-term (21 days) effective dose of RIVA. Right somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rats extracted for determining the TRPV1 gene expression by qPCR after behavioral tests. Results: Acute RIVA administrations at the doses of 0.25; 0.5; 1 and 2 mg/kg decreased the number of SWDs in a dose-dependent manner. Only 1 and 2 mg/kg RIVA had a decreasing effect regarding the mean duration per SWDs. The combination of ineffective dose of RIVA (0.125 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (i.p.)) and ineffective dose of NNC (5 µgr; i.s.v.) also decreased the total number of SWDs. When the effective dose of RIVA (2 mg/kg) was long-term administered, it increased the number of SWDs and decreased the mean duration. Long-term high-dose RIVA that applied to WAG/Rij rats negatively affected short-term memory, while reduced anxiety. Based on qPCR results, TRPV1 gene expressions were decreased in WAG/Rij rats, although it was increased in Wistar strain. Conclusions: While RIVA has an antiepileptic effect administered acutely, RIVA produces proepileptic activity when applied for a long-term. We suggest that the antiepileptic effect of acute RIVA may be mediated through T-type calcium channel inhibition. RIVA administration negatively affected learning-memory, while reduced anxiety. On the other hand, when long-term RIVA was administered to WAG/Rij and Wistar rats, contradictory results were obtained regarding TRPV1 expressions.
Introduction-Aim: The present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Rivastigmine (RIVA), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of dementia symptoms, with/without the T-type calsium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 (NNC) on spike-wave discharges (SWDs); comorbidities (learning-memory and anxiety) and and the TRPV1 geneexpression in genetic absence epileptic WAG/Rij rats. Methods: To determine the effect of RIVA on SWDs, tripolar electrodes were placed on the skulls of WAG/Rij rats then acute and long-term recordings were obtained. After this stage, the interaction between RIVA and T-type calcium channel blocker NNC 55-0396 (NNC) was studied. Learning-memory and anxiety behavior tests were performed to WAG/Rij and Wistar rats that given long-term (21 days) effective dose of RIVA. Right somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rats extracted for determining the TRPV1 gene expression by qPCR after behavioral tests. Results: Acute RIVA administrations at the doses of 0.25; 0.5; 1 and 2 mg/kg decreased the number of SWDs in a dose-dependent manner. Only 1 and 2 mg/kg RIVA had a decreasing effect regarding the mean duration per SWDs. The combination of ineffective dose of RIVA (0.125 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (i.p.)) and ineffective dose of NNC (5 µgr; i.s.v.) also decreased the total number of SWDs. When the effective dose of RIVA (2 mg/kg) was long-term administered, it increased the number of SWDs and decreased the mean duration. Long-term high-dose RIVA that applied to WAG/Rij rats negatively affected short-term memory, while reduced anxiety. Based on qPCR results, TRPV1 gene expressions were decreased in WAG/Rij rats, although it was increased in Wistar strain. Conclusions: While RIVA has an antiepileptic effect administered acutely, RIVA produces proepileptic activity when applied for a long-term. We suggest that the antiepileptic effect of acute RIVA may be mediated through T-type calcium channel inhibition. RIVA administration negatively affected learning-memory, while reduced anxiety. On the other hand, when long-term RIVA was administered to WAG/Rij and Wistar rats, contradictory results were obtained regarding TRPV1 expressions.
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