Publication: Deniz Sedimanı Örneklerinde Mikroplastiklerin İncelenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Dünya genelinde yılda yaklaşık 250 milyon ton plastik üretilmektedir. Yüksek miktarda plastik üretimi ile baş etmek her geçen gün zorlaşmıştır. Artan plastik üretimiyle birlikte, tek kullanımlık plastiklerin artması ve yavaş çözünmelerinden doğada birikimiyle yaşam alanı olarak kullandığımız deniz, akarsu ve göllerimize ciddi şekilde zarar vermektedir. Yaşanan Covid-19 salgını nedeniyle tek kullanımlık olarak (maske, eldiven, siperlik) kullanılan kişisel koruyucu eşyaların kullanımı da artmıştır. İnsanların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda günümüze kadar 9 milyar tonun üzerinde plastik üretimi gerçekleştirmiştir. Atık plastiklerin dış etkilerle (güneş ışınları, UV, aşınma vb.) bozunarak parçalanmasıyla oluşan ikincil mikroplastiklerin kaynakları, kara ve denizde olabilir, ancak yüzey akış suları, rüzgâr ve deşarjlarla kara ortamından deniz ortamlarına taşınabilirler. Mikroplastikler, yüzey sularında (akarsular ve denizler) özellikle kıyı şeridinde sahillerde bulunabilir ve sedimanda birikebilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Orta Karadeniz Samsun kıyı şeridi boyunca (Costal, Golf kulübü, Atakum) Ekim 2020 ve Haziran 2021 tarihinde alınan su ve sediman örneklerinde iki farklı yöntemle mikroplastik belirleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Optik mikroskop yardımı ile gözlemi yapılan mikroplastiklerin renkleri ve sayıları belirlenmiştir. 1. Yöntem (Vianello et al., 2013) yapılan sediman analizi sonucunda üç numune bölgesi için toplam 928 partikül/ 1kg mikroplastik tespit edilmiştir. 2.yöntem (NOAA 2015) yöntemiyle yapılan su numunesi analizinde toplam 603 partikül/100 mL, sediman numunesi için toplam 1746 partikül/ 10 g mikroplastiklerin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılarak istasyonlarda tespiti yapılan her mikroplastik için polimer türlerin (PP, PE, PS ve PET) tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasından elde edilen sonuçlara göre Samsun Atakum kıyı şeridinde bulunan mikroplastiklerin mevcut durumu belirlenmiş ve ekosistem üzerindeki etkilerin en aza indirgenmesi için öneriler sunulmuştur.
About 250 million tons of plastic are produced annually worldwide. It has become more difficult to cope with the high production of plastic every day. With the increasing production of plastic, the increase of single-use plastics and their slow dissolution in nature, the accumulation of the sea, streams and lakes that we use as a habitat is seriously damaging. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment used as disposable (masks, gloves, visors) has also increased. According to the needs of people, it has produced more than 9 billion tons of plastic to date. It should be noted that waste plastics can be destroyed by external influences (sun rays, UV, abrasion, etc.) the sources of secondary microplastics formed by degradation may be on land and at sea, but they can be transported from the land environment to marine environments by surface flow waters, wind and discharges. Microplastics can be found on beaches, in surface waters (streams and seas), especially on the coastline, and they can accumulate in sediment. June October 2020 and June 2021, Two different methods of microplastic determination were carried out in water and sediment samples taken along the coastline of Samsun (Costal, Golf club, Atakum) in the Central Black Sea. The colors and numbers of the microplastics observed were determined with the help of an optical microscope. 1. Methods (Vianello et al., 2013) as a result of the sediment analysis, a total of 928 particles/1kg of microplastics were detected for three sample sites. 2.a total of 603 particles / 100 mL were detected in the water sample analysis performed by the method (NOAA 2015), and a total of 1746 particles/ 10 g of microplastics were detected for the sediment sample. Polymer species (PP, PE, PS and PET) were identified for each microplastic detected at th stations using FTIR spectroscopy. According to the results obtained from this thesis study, the current status of microplastics found on the Samsun Atakum coastline has been determined and recommendations have been presented to minimize the effects on the ecosystem.
About 250 million tons of plastic are produced annually worldwide. It has become more difficult to cope with the high production of plastic every day. With the increasing production of plastic, the increase of single-use plastics and their slow dissolution in nature, the accumulation of the sea, streams and lakes that we use as a habitat is seriously damaging. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment used as disposable (masks, gloves, visors) has also increased. According to the needs of people, it has produced more than 9 billion tons of plastic to date. It should be noted that waste plastics can be destroyed by external influences (sun rays, UV, abrasion, etc.) the sources of secondary microplastics formed by degradation may be on land and at sea, but they can be transported from the land environment to marine environments by surface flow waters, wind and discharges. Microplastics can be found on beaches, in surface waters (streams and seas), especially on the coastline, and they can accumulate in sediment. June October 2020 and June 2021, Two different methods of microplastic determination were carried out in water and sediment samples taken along the coastline of Samsun (Costal, Golf club, Atakum) in the Central Black Sea. The colors and numbers of the microplastics observed were determined with the help of an optical microscope. 1. Methods (Vianello et al., 2013) as a result of the sediment analysis, a total of 928 particles/1kg of microplastics were detected for three sample sites. 2.a total of 603 particles / 100 mL were detected in the water sample analysis performed by the method (NOAA 2015), and a total of 1746 particles/ 10 g of microplastics were detected for the sediment sample. Polymer species (PP, PE, PS and PET) were identified for each microplastic detected at th stations using FTIR spectroscopy. According to the results obtained from this thesis study, the current status of microplastics found on the Samsun Atakum coastline has been determined and recommendations have been presented to minimize the effects on the ecosystem.
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