Publication: Jet Grout ve Plastik Kazık Yöntemiyle Zemin İyileştirmesinin Sıvılaşmaya Etkisi ve Maliyet Analizi
Abstract
Hızlı nüfus artışından kaynaklı olarak enerji tesisleri, endüstriyel tesisler, konut, hastaneler, okul, yollar, köprüler, viyadükler, barajlar, santraller ve buna benzer yapıların sayısında ciddi bir artı olmuş, bu durumun beraberinde de inşaat teknolojisi hızla gelişmiştir. Yapı yüklerinde eskiye kıyasla çok fazla artış olması, bazı tesislerin başka yerde yapılma alternatiflerinin bulunmaması gibi sebeplerden dolayı zeminin taşıma gücü, oturma, sıvılaşma, geçirimlilik, stabilite, kabarma ve çökme gibi özelliklerinin iyi belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Yapılacak olan çalışmada sıvılaşma problemi ele alınacaktır. Sıvılaşma yer altı suyu seviyesi altındaki tabakaların geçici olarak mukavemetlerini kaybederek, katı yerine viskoz sıvı gibi davranmalarıdır. Çalışmada bahsedilen iyileştirme yöntemlerinin irdelenmesi maksadıyla zeminde farklı çaplarda ve mekanik özelliklerde kolonlar oluşturulmuştur. Bu şekilde deprem sırasında zeminde meydana gelebilecek sıvılaşma riskini ortadan kaldırmak amaçlanmaktadır. Zemin problemlerinde uygulanacak iyileştirme yöntemi seçilirken yöntemin ekonomik olması da önemlidir. Bu amaçla çeşitli teknikler uygulanılarak zemin iyileştirme çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Yapılacak olan çalışmada jet grout ve plastik kazık zemin iyileştirme uygulamaları ile sıvılaşma sorununun önüne geçilmesi ve incelenilen yöntemlerin maliyet analizi yapılarak, uygulamanın daha ekonomik yollarla yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. İlgili zeminde sıvılaşma potansiyelinin belirlenmesi için 'basitleştirilmiş yöntem' ve yine bu yöntemi esas alan SETAF 2018 analiz programı kullanılmıştır. Sıvılaşma potansiyeli yüksek olan zeminde iyileştirme etkisini görebilmek için Plaxis 2D yazılımı yardımıyla analiz yapılarak optimum çözüme ulaşmada gerekli kriterler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda sıvılaşma potansiyeli yüksek olan zemin kesitine uygulanan jet grout ve plastik kazık kolonlarının deformasyonları azalttığı ve sıvılaşmanın engellendiği gözlemlenmiş olup zemin iyileştirme yönteminin sıvılaşmaya olan etkisi incelenmiştir.
Due to the rapid increase in population, housing, energy facilities, industrial facilities, hospitals, schools, roads, bridges, viaducts, dams, power plants and similar structures have increased, and in parallel with these, the development of construction technology has also increased rapidly. Due to reasons such as excessive increase in building loads and the lack of options to build some facilities elsewhere, properties such as bearing capacity, settlement, liquefaction, permeability, stability, heaving and collapse of the ground must be well determined. In the upcoming study, the liquefaction problem will be addressed. Liquefaction is when the layers below the groundwater level temporarily lose their strength and behave like a viscous liquid instead of a solid. The main target of the methods subject to the study is column sections of different diameters and mechanical properties in the ground. It is also aimed to eliminate the risk of liquefaction in the ground during an earthquake. It is also aimed that the method of addressing soil problems is an economical method. For this purpose, studies are carried out on the ground by applying various techniques. In the study to be carried out, it is aimed to prevent the liquefaction problem with jet grout and plastic pile ground improvement applications and to carry out the application in more economical ways by making a cost analysis of the examined methods. To determine the liquefaction potential in the relevant ground, the 'simplified method' and the SETAF 2018 analysis program based on this method were used. In order to see the improvement effect on the ground with high liquefaction potential, analysis was made with the help of Plaxis 2D software and the necessary criteria were evaluated to reach the optimum solution. As a result of the study, it was observed that jet grout and plastic pile columns applied to the ground section with high liquefaction potential reduced deformations and prevented liquefaction, and the effect of the ground improvement method on liquefaction was examined.
Due to the rapid increase in population, housing, energy facilities, industrial facilities, hospitals, schools, roads, bridges, viaducts, dams, power plants and similar structures have increased, and in parallel with these, the development of construction technology has also increased rapidly. Due to reasons such as excessive increase in building loads and the lack of options to build some facilities elsewhere, properties such as bearing capacity, settlement, liquefaction, permeability, stability, heaving and collapse of the ground must be well determined. In the upcoming study, the liquefaction problem will be addressed. Liquefaction is when the layers below the groundwater level temporarily lose their strength and behave like a viscous liquid instead of a solid. The main target of the methods subject to the study is column sections of different diameters and mechanical properties in the ground. It is also aimed to eliminate the risk of liquefaction in the ground during an earthquake. It is also aimed that the method of addressing soil problems is an economical method. For this purpose, studies are carried out on the ground by applying various techniques. In the study to be carried out, it is aimed to prevent the liquefaction problem with jet grout and plastic pile ground improvement applications and to carry out the application in more economical ways by making a cost analysis of the examined methods. To determine the liquefaction potential in the relevant ground, the 'simplified method' and the SETAF 2018 analysis program based on this method were used. In order to see the improvement effect on the ground with high liquefaction potential, analysis was made with the help of Plaxis 2D software and the necessary criteria were evaluated to reach the optimum solution. As a result of the study, it was observed that jet grout and plastic pile columns applied to the ground section with high liquefaction potential reduced deformations and prevented liquefaction, and the effect of the ground improvement method on liquefaction was examined.
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