Publication: Öğretmen Adaylarının Çocukların Katılım Hakkına İlişkin Farkındalıkları
Abstract
Çocuk; 0-18 yaş aralığında, çevresi ile ilgili ve çevresini keşfetme sürecinde olan, gereksinimleri yetişkinler tarafından arşılanan ve fiziksel, ruhsal, sosyal ve bilişsel gelişimi devam eden bireydir. (Uçuş, 2013). Çocuk hakları ise toplum tarafından kabul edilmiş ilkelere ve yasalara uygun olarak, pozitif ve doğal hukuk çerçevesinde dünya üzerindeki bütün çocukların doğuştan sahip olduğu fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyolojik ve politik hakları içinde barındıran evrensel bir kavram olarak kabul edilmektedir. (Merey, 2016). Bu bağlamda çocuk haklarıyla ilgili uluslararası hukukta en fazla kabul görmüş yasal metin, 20 Kasım 1989 tarihinde oy birliği ile kabul edilen ve bugüne kadar da 196 ülke tarafından imzalanan Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşmedir. Sözleşme çocuk haklarını, yaşama, gelişme, korunma ve katılım olmak üzere dört ana başlıkta gruplandırmaktadır (Akyüz, 2015). 12. Madde sadece ÇHS'inde yer alan bir hüküm olduğu için diğer maddelerden ayrılmaktadır. Sözleşmede 12. Madde katılım olarak ifade edilmemekte ama günümüzde'katılım' olarak kavramsallaştırılmıştır (BMÇHK, 2009). Sözleşme ile günümüzde popüler bir hal almış olan 'çocukların katılım hakkına' ilişkin öğretmen adaylarının farkındalığının inceleneceği bu araştırmaya kaynak olacak birçok araştırmada hem öğretmen adaylarının hem de öğretmenlerin çocuk hakları ya da çocuk katılımına ilişkin bilgi ve becerilerinin yetersiz olduğu yönünde sonuçlara rastlanmaktadır. Örneğin, Kaya'nın (2011) yaptığı çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının büyük bir çoğunluğunun çocuk hakları sözleşmesini hiç okumadıkları, çocuğun hakları sıralamasında katılım hakkına hiç yer vermedikleri saptanmış; Uçuş'un (2014) çalışmasında öğretmenlerin çocuk hakları konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahibi olmadıkları, eğitim ortamlarında çocuk haklarına yönelik herhangi bir düzenleme yapmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Child; He is an individual between the ages of 0-18 who is interested in his environment and is in the process of exploring his environment, whose needs are met by adults and whose physical, spiritual, social and cognitive development continues.Children's rights are accepted as a universal concept that includes the physical, psychological, sociological and political rights that all children in the world have from birth, within the framework of positive and natural law, in accordance with the principles and laws accepted by society.In this context, the most accepted legal text in international law regarding children's rights is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was accepted unanimously on 20 November 1989 and has been signed by 196 countries to date. The Convention groups children's rights under four main headings: survival, development, protection and participation. Article 12 differs from other articles because it is a provision included only in the CRC. Article 12 is not expressed as participation in the Convention, but today it is conceptualized as 'participation'. In many studies that will be the source of this research, which will examine the awareness of teacher candidates regarding the 'children's right to participation', which has become popular today with the Convention, results are found that both teacher candidates and teachers have insufficient knowledge and skills regarding children's rights or child participation. For example, in the study conducted by Kaya (2011), it was determined that the majority of teacher candidates had never read the convention on children's rights and did not include the right to participation in the list of children's rights; In Uç's (2014) study, it was determined that teachers did not have sufficient knowledge about children's rights and that they did not make any arrangements for children's rights in educational environments.
Child; He is an individual between the ages of 0-18 who is interested in his environment and is in the process of exploring his environment, whose needs are met by adults and whose physical, spiritual, social and cognitive development continues.Children's rights are accepted as a universal concept that includes the physical, psychological, sociological and political rights that all children in the world have from birth, within the framework of positive and natural law, in accordance with the principles and laws accepted by society.In this context, the most accepted legal text in international law regarding children's rights is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was accepted unanimously on 20 November 1989 and has been signed by 196 countries to date. The Convention groups children's rights under four main headings: survival, development, protection and participation. Article 12 differs from other articles because it is a provision included only in the CRC. Article 12 is not expressed as participation in the Convention, but today it is conceptualized as 'participation'. In many studies that will be the source of this research, which will examine the awareness of teacher candidates regarding the 'children's right to participation', which has become popular today with the Convention, results are found that both teacher candidates and teachers have insufficient knowledge and skills regarding children's rights or child participation. For example, in the study conducted by Kaya (2011), it was determined that the majority of teacher candidates had never read the convention on children's rights and did not include the right to participation in the list of children's rights; In Uç's (2014) study, it was determined that teachers did not have sufficient knowledge about children's rights and that they did not make any arrangements for children's rights in educational environments.
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