Publication: Temporomandibular Eklem Boşluklarının, Mandibular Kondilin ve Glenoid Fossanın Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Kullanılarak Morfolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türk popülasyonunda normal temporomandibular eklem (TME) boşluğu, mandibular kondil ve glenoid fossanın morfolojisinin konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) ile yaş gruplarına, cinsiyete ve sağ ve sol tarafa göre incelemek ve anatomik varyasyonlarını göstermektir. Materyal ve Metod: Tam dişli CI maloklüzyona ve sağlıklı TME sahip yaşları 20-50 arasında değişen 59 kadın 51 erkek olmak üzere 110 hastadan çeşitli sebeplerle alınmış KIBT kesitleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik özellikleri ve radyolojik bulguları kaydedildi. Kondilar uzunluk, kondilar genişlik, kondilar yükseklik ve glenoid fossanın çatı kalınlığı ve ön, üst ve arka eklem boşlukları ölçüldü. Bulgular: Kondilar uzunluk, kondilin anterior ve posteriordaki en uç noktaları arasındaki mesafedir, erkeklerde kondilar uzunluk sağda 7,98±1,48 mm, solda 8,06±1,86 mm; kadınlarda sağda 8,08±1,67 mm, solda 8,09±2,28 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet açısından antero-posterior uzunluğun ortalama değerleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sağ ve sol tarafa göre kondilar uzunluk değerlendirildiğinde (sağda ortalama 8,03 ± 1,57 mm; solda ortalama 8,08 ± 2,09 mm) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Kondilar genişlik, kondilin medial ve lateral kutupları arasındaki mesafedir. Erkeklerde kondilar genişlik sağ taraf ortalama değeri 20,10 mm iken kadınlarda 17,45 mm'dir (p<0,001). Erkeklerde kondil genişliği sol taraf ortalama değeri 20,21 mm iken kadınlarda 17,44 mm'dir. Cinsiyete göre ortalama değerleri karşılaştırıldığında hem sağ hem sol tarafın değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Kondilar yükseklik, kondilin en tepe noktası ile sigmoid çenteğin en derin noktası arasındaki mesafedir. Kondilar yükseklikte cinsiyete göre sağ tarafta ortalama değerleri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,002). Erkeklerde kondilar yüksekliğin sağda ortalama değeri 16,96 mm iken kadınlarda 14,82 mm'dir. Kondilar yükseklikte sağ ve sol taraf arası ortalama değerleri karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,002). Kondilar yüksekliğin ortalama değeri sağda 15,84 mm iken solda 14,80 mm'dir. Üst eklem boşluğunun cinsiyete göre ortalama değerleri karşılaştırıldığında hem sağda hem solda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Erkeklerde üst eklem boşluğu, sağ taraf ortalama değeri 4,58 mm iken kadınlarda 4,07 mm'dir (p=0,064). Erkeklerde kondil genişliği sol taraf ortanca değeri 5,03 mm iken kadınlarda 3,98 mm'dir (p<0,001). Sonuç: Temporomandibular eklem anatomisinin cinsiyet, taraf ve yaş gruplarına göre Türk popülasyonunda önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle TME'nin incelenmesi, TME hastalıklarının eklem üzerindeki değişimlerinin değerlendirilmesinde, TMD invaziv tedavilerinde bu yapıların KIBT kullanarak incelenmesi oldukça önem taşımaktadır.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the normal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space, mandibular condyle, and glenoid fossa morphology in the Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), with according to age groups, sex, and laterality (right and left sides), and to demonstrate their anatomical variations. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 110 patients (59 females and 51 males) aged between 20 and 50 years, with full dentition, Class I malocclusion, and healthy TMJs, were retrospectively evaluated. The patient's demographic data, including age and sex, as well as radiological findings, were recorded. Condylar length, condylar width, condylar height, and the roof thickness of the glenoid fossa, along with anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces, were measured. Results: Condylar length, defined as the distance between the most anterior and posterior points of the condyle, was found to be 7.98 ± 1.48 mm on the right and 8.06 ± 1.86 mm on the left in males; and 8.08 ± 1.67 mm on the right and 8.09 ± 2.28 mm on the left in females. No statistically significant difference was found in anteroposterior length between sexes. Likewise, when condylar length was compared between the right (mean 8.03 ± 1.57 mm) and left sides (mean 8.08 ± 2.09 mm), no statistically significant difference was observed. Condylar width, defined as the distance between the medial and lateral poles of the condyle, showed a significant sex-based difference. In males, the mean condylar width on the right was 20.10 mm, compared to 17.45 mm in females (p<0.001). On the left side, the mean values were 20.21 mm in males and 17.44 mm in females, with statistically significant differences between sexes on both sides (p<0.001). Condylar height, measured as the distance between the highest point of the condyle and the deepest point of the sigmoid notch, also exhibited significant sex-related differences. On the right side, the mean condylar height was 16.96 mm in males and 14.82 mm in females (p=0.002). A statistically significant difference was also observed between the right (mean 15.84 mm) and left (mean 14.80 mm) sides (p=0.002). When the average values of the superior joint space were compared between sexes, statistically significant differences were found on both sides (p<0.001). On the right side, the mean superior joint space was 4.58 mm in males and 4.07 mm in females (p=0.064). On the left side, the median value was 5.03 mm in males and 3.98 mm in females (p<0.001). Conclusion: Significant differences were identified in TMJ anatomy based on sex, laterality, and age groups in the Turkish population. Therefore, evaluating TMJ structures using CBCT is of considerable importance in assessing changes in TMJ disorders and planning invasive treatments for temporomandibular dysfunctions.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the normal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space, mandibular condyle, and glenoid fossa morphology in the Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), with according to age groups, sex, and laterality (right and left sides), and to demonstrate their anatomical variations. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 110 patients (59 females and 51 males) aged between 20 and 50 years, with full dentition, Class I malocclusion, and healthy TMJs, were retrospectively evaluated. The patient's demographic data, including age and sex, as well as radiological findings, were recorded. Condylar length, condylar width, condylar height, and the roof thickness of the glenoid fossa, along with anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces, were measured. Results: Condylar length, defined as the distance between the most anterior and posterior points of the condyle, was found to be 7.98 ± 1.48 mm on the right and 8.06 ± 1.86 mm on the left in males; and 8.08 ± 1.67 mm on the right and 8.09 ± 2.28 mm on the left in females. No statistically significant difference was found in anteroposterior length between sexes. Likewise, when condylar length was compared between the right (mean 8.03 ± 1.57 mm) and left sides (mean 8.08 ± 2.09 mm), no statistically significant difference was observed. Condylar width, defined as the distance between the medial and lateral poles of the condyle, showed a significant sex-based difference. In males, the mean condylar width on the right was 20.10 mm, compared to 17.45 mm in females (p<0.001). On the left side, the mean values were 20.21 mm in males and 17.44 mm in females, with statistically significant differences between sexes on both sides (p<0.001). Condylar height, measured as the distance between the highest point of the condyle and the deepest point of the sigmoid notch, also exhibited significant sex-related differences. On the right side, the mean condylar height was 16.96 mm in males and 14.82 mm in females (p=0.002). A statistically significant difference was also observed between the right (mean 15.84 mm) and left (mean 14.80 mm) sides (p=0.002). When the average values of the superior joint space were compared between sexes, statistically significant differences were found on both sides (p<0.001). On the right side, the mean superior joint space was 4.58 mm in males and 4.07 mm in females (p=0.064). On the left side, the median value was 5.03 mm in males and 3.98 mm in females (p<0.001). Conclusion: Significant differences were identified in TMJ anatomy based on sex, laterality, and age groups in the Turkish population. Therefore, evaluating TMJ structures using CBCT is of considerable importance in assessing changes in TMJ disorders and planning invasive treatments for temporomandibular dysfunctions.
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