Publication: Sporcularda Psikolojik Yetimlik Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Abstract
Performanslarını arttırarak başarıya ulaşmayı hedefleyen sporcuların, bu hedeflerine ulaşmalarına ket vurabilecek yetim, yoksun bırakılmış psikolojik süreçlerin tespit edilmesi ve psikolojik açıdan nasıl destekleneceklerinin belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da sporcuların psikolojik yetimlik düzeylerini ölçebilecek bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye'de spor eğitimi veren yükseköğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören elit sporcular; örneklemini de Karadeniz Bölgesinde spor eğitimi veren dört yüksek öğretim kurumunda öğrenim gören elit sporcu öğrenciler oluşturmuştur. Literatür taramasında psikolojik yetimlik kavramına rastlanılmadığından öncelikle 'yetimlik' sözcüğünün semantik anlamından hareketle, ilişkili kuramlar incelenmiş ve psikolojik yetimlik tanımı yapılarak kuramsal çerçevesi çizilmiştir. Bu çerçeve ışığında ölçek soru madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Alan uzmanları tarafından incelenen ölçeğe son şekli verilerek, ölçek önce 250 kişilik bir örneklem grubuna uygulanmış, AFA sonucunda düşük yük değerlerine sahip olan 9 madde ölçekten çıkarılarak 4 alt faktörlü 27 maddelik ölçek oluşturulmuştur. Bu ölçek, 518 kişilik bir örneklem grubuna uygulanmış, yapılan analizler sonucunda Cronbach's Alpha değeri 0,904 olarak yüksek güvenirliğe sahip bulunmuştur. Örneklem büyüklüğünün uygunluğu KMO (0,900) testi ve verilerin çok değişkenli normal dağılım gösterip göstermediği ise Barlett küresellik testi ile belirlenmiştir. Yapılan DFA sonucunda elde edilen modelin yapısal eşitlik modeline uyum değerleri χ2/df değeri 2,701, RMSEA değeri 0,057; NFI değeri 0,856; CFI değeri 0,904; GFI değeri 0,888 ve AGFI değeri 0,866 şeklinde kabul edilebilir uyum indeksine sahip olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın istatistiksel analizlerinde SPSS, AMOS ve R Project kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Sporcularda Psikolojik Yetimlik Ölçeği'nin (SPYÖ) kullanılabilir bir yapıya sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
It is very crucial to identify the orphan and deprived psychological processes that may hinder the athletes who aim to succeed by increasing their performance and to determine how they will be supported psychologically. The aim of this study is to develop a scale that can evaluate the psychological orphanhood levels of athletes. The population of the study consists of elite athletes attending at higher education institutions that provide sport education in Turkiye; and the sample consists of elite athletes from four higher education institutions that provide sport education in the Black Sea Region. Since the concept of psychological orphanhood was not encountered in the literature review, first of all, based on the semantic meaning of the word 'orphanhood', broad theories were examined and the theoretical framework was determined by making the definition of psychological orphanhood. In the light of this framework, a scale question item pool was created. The scale which was examined by the field experts was given its final shape and first applied to a sample group of 250 students, 9 items with low load values as a result of AFA were removed from the scale and a 27-item scale with 4 sub-factors was formed. This scale was applied to a sample group of 518 people, and as a result of the analysis, Cronbach's Alpha value was found to be 0.904 with high reliability. The suitability of the sample size was determined by the KMO (0.900) test and whether the data showed a multivariate normal distribution was determined by the Barlett sphericity test. The fit values of the model obtained as a result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis to the structural equation model, χ2/df value 2.701, RMSEA value 0.057; NFI value 0.856; CFI value 0.904; The GFI value was found to be 0.888 and the AGFI value was 0.866, with an acceptable fit index. SPSS, AMOS, R Project was used in the statistical analysis. Consequently, it was found that 'Psychological Orphanhood Scale in Athletes' has a structure that can be used.
It is very crucial to identify the orphan and deprived psychological processes that may hinder the athletes who aim to succeed by increasing their performance and to determine how they will be supported psychologically. The aim of this study is to develop a scale that can evaluate the psychological orphanhood levels of athletes. The population of the study consists of elite athletes attending at higher education institutions that provide sport education in Turkiye; and the sample consists of elite athletes from four higher education institutions that provide sport education in the Black Sea Region. Since the concept of psychological orphanhood was not encountered in the literature review, first of all, based on the semantic meaning of the word 'orphanhood', broad theories were examined and the theoretical framework was determined by making the definition of psychological orphanhood. In the light of this framework, a scale question item pool was created. The scale which was examined by the field experts was given its final shape and first applied to a sample group of 250 students, 9 items with low load values as a result of AFA were removed from the scale and a 27-item scale with 4 sub-factors was formed. This scale was applied to a sample group of 518 people, and as a result of the analysis, Cronbach's Alpha value was found to be 0.904 with high reliability. The suitability of the sample size was determined by the KMO (0.900) test and whether the data showed a multivariate normal distribution was determined by the Barlett sphericity test. The fit values of the model obtained as a result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis to the structural equation model, χ2/df value 2.701, RMSEA value 0.057; NFI value 0.856; CFI value 0.904; The GFI value was found to be 0.888 and the AGFI value was 0.866, with an acceptable fit index. SPSS, AMOS, R Project was used in the statistical analysis. Consequently, it was found that 'Psychological Orphanhood Scale in Athletes' has a structure that can be used.
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