Publication: Bazı Bitkisel Ekstraktların Kaşar Peyniri Muhafazasında Biyokimyasal ve Mikrobiyolojik Etkileri
Abstract
Bu çalışma, bazı bitkisel ekstraktların kaşhar peynirinin muhafazasındaki biyokimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kaşar peyniri üretiminde koruyucu olarak kullanılan kimyasalların yerine biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) ve yeşilçay (Camellia sinensis L.) ekstraktlarının doğal alternatiflerinin kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır. Kullanım dozunun 10 mL/L olarak belirlendiği ekstraktlar peynire iki farklı yöntemle ilave edilmiştir. Birinci yöntemde ekstraktlar telemenin yoğurulması aşamasında haşlama suyuna ilave edilirken, ikincisi yöntemde hazırlanan örnekler ambalajlama öncesinde ekstrakt ilave edilerek hazırlanmış sulara daldırılmıştır. Üç tekerrürlü olarak hazırlanan taze kaşar örnekleri ambalajlanarak son kullanma tarihine kadar referans numunelerle aynı şartlar altında muhafaza edilmiştir. Örnekler 1., 30., 60. ve 90. günlerde fiziksel, biyokimyasal, duyusal ve mikrobiyolojik olarak incelenmiştir. Biberiye ve yeşil çay ekstraktı ilave edilmesiyle kaşhar peynirinin hem fiziksel ve organoleptik özelliklerinde hem de tekstüründe önemli değişimler meydana gelmemiştir. Biberiye ve yeşilçay ekstraktı ilave edilen örneklerde antioksidan aktivite (DPPH∙) ve toplam fenolik madde miktarında artış, maya-küf sayısında ise azalış meydana gelmiş ve bu etkinin depolama süresince devam ettiği gözlenmiştir. Ekstraktların kendi bünyelerinde bulunan bazı aroma bileşenlerinin peynire geçtiği ancak peynirin kendine has duyusal özelliklerini değiştirmediği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, hem biberiye hem de yeşilçay ekstraktının kaşar peyniri üretiminin en büyük sorunu olan maya ve küflere karşı sektörde yaygın olarak kullanılan kimyasal koruyucu potasyum sorbat'a alternatif doğal bir koruyucu olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
This study was carried out to investigate the biochemical and microbiological effects of some herbal extracts in the preservation of kashar cheese. The possibilities of using natural alternatives such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extracts instead of chemicals used as preservatives in the production of kashar cheese were investigated. The extracts, the usage dose of which was determined as 10 mL/L, were added to the cheese by two different methods. In the first method, the extracts were added to the boiling water during the kneading of the curd, and in the second method, the prepared samples were immersed in the water prepared by adding the extract before packaging. Fresh kashar cheese samples, which were prepared in triplicate, were packaged and stored under the same conditions as the reference samples until the expiration date. The samples were examined physically, biochemically, sensorially and microbiologically on the 1st, 30th, 60th and 90th days. With the addition of rosemary and green tea extract, no significant changes occurred in the physical and organoleptic properties and texture of kashar cheese. It was observed that the antioxidant activity (DPPH∙) and total phenolic substance content increased and the yeast-mold count decreased in the samples to which rosemary and green tea extracts were added, and this effect continued during the storage period. It was observed that some of the aroma components in the extracts were transferred to the cheese, but did not change the specific sensory properties of the cheese. As a result, it was concluded that both rosemary and green tea extract can be used as an alternative natural preservative to the chemical preservative potassium sorbate, which is widely used in the industry, against yeasts and molds, which are the biggest problems of kashar cheese production.
This study was carried out to investigate the biochemical and microbiological effects of some herbal extracts in the preservation of kashar cheese. The possibilities of using natural alternatives such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extracts instead of chemicals used as preservatives in the production of kashar cheese were investigated. The extracts, the usage dose of which was determined as 10 mL/L, were added to the cheese by two different methods. In the first method, the extracts were added to the boiling water during the kneading of the curd, and in the second method, the prepared samples were immersed in the water prepared by adding the extract before packaging. Fresh kashar cheese samples, which were prepared in triplicate, were packaged and stored under the same conditions as the reference samples until the expiration date. The samples were examined physically, biochemically, sensorially and microbiologically on the 1st, 30th, 60th and 90th days. With the addition of rosemary and green tea extract, no significant changes occurred in the physical and organoleptic properties and texture of kashar cheese. It was observed that the antioxidant activity (DPPH∙) and total phenolic substance content increased and the yeast-mold count decreased in the samples to which rosemary and green tea extracts were added, and this effect continued during the storage period. It was observed that some of the aroma components in the extracts were transferred to the cheese, but did not change the specific sensory properties of the cheese. As a result, it was concluded that both rosemary and green tea extract can be used as an alternative natural preservative to the chemical preservative potassium sorbate, which is widely used in the industry, against yeasts and molds, which are the biggest problems of kashar cheese production.
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