Publication: Bafra, Çarşamba ve Suluova Yöresinden Alınan Toprak Örneklerinde Yarayışlı Demir Kapsamlarının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılabilecek Uygun Yöntemlerin Seçimi
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Bu çalışmanın amacı Bafra, Çarşamba ve Suluova yöresinden alınan toprak örneklerinde yarayışlı demir kapsamlarını belirlemek için kullanılabilecek toprak ve bitki analiz metotlarını seçmektir.Bu amaçla 0 ? 20 cm derinlikten 26 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Toprakların demir durumlarını belirlemek için kurulan sera denemesinde topraklara 0, 2, 4 ve 8 ppm düzeylerinde demir (Fe-EDDHA halinde) uygulayarak fasulye bitkisi yetiştirilmiştir. Deneme sonunda hasat edilen bitkilerin kuru madde miktarları, toplam demir ve aktif demir kapsamları belirlenmiştir,Kullanılan demir ekstraksiyon yöntemleri ve topraklarda belirlenen demir kapsam aralıkları aşağıda verilmiştir: 1. Lindsay ve Norvell (3.9 ? 42.5 ppm Fe), 2. 1.0 M NH4HCO3 + 0.005 M DTPA (8.9 ? 84.5 ppm Fe), 3. 0.05 M EDTA (23.8 ? 794.4 ppm Fe), 4. 1.0 N NH4OAc (pH=3.0) (29.2 ? 554.2 ppm Fe), 5.1.0 N NH4OAc (pH=4.8) (1.8 ? 71.8 ppm Fe), 6. 0.05 N HCI+ 0.025 N H2SO4 (0.53 - 1.36 ppm Fe), 7. 0.2 N Amonyum okzalat + 0.2 M Okzalik asit (900 ? 6700 ppm Fe) , 8. 0.2 N Amonyum okzalat (12.3 ? 114.8 ppm Fe). Ayrıca toprakların demir fraksiyonları belirlenmiş, bu fraksiyonlar kapsam yönünden R-Fe > CFeOX-Fe > AFeOX-Fe > MnOX-Fe > EX-Fe > OM-Fe şeklinde sıralanmıştır.Çarşamba' dan alınan toprakların % 40' ı, Bafra' dan alınan toprakların % 22.2' si, Suluova' dan alınan toprakların % 85.7' si demir yönünden yetersiz bulunmuş ve demirli gübrelemeye gereksinimleri oldukları tespit edilmiştir.Biyolojik indeksler arasında toprakların demir durumunu veya demirli gübreye ihtiyacının olup olmadığını gösteren indeksler ile (demirli gübre uygulamasıyla kuru madde miktarında ve nispi üründe tanığa oranla sağlanan ortalama % değişim değerleri ve kontrol toprakların nispi ürün değerleri) yüksek ilişki veren 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCI2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) (sırasıyla r= -0.491**, -0.476**, 0.519**), 1.0 M NH4HCO3 + 0.005 M DTPA (pH=7.6) (sırasıyla r= -0.424*, -0.435*, 0.519**) ve 0.2 N Amonyum Okzalat (sırasıyla r= -0.523**, -0.432*, 0.421*) yöntemleri toprakların demir durumunun belirlenmesinde uygun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yukarıda belirtilen biyolojik indekslerle ilişkilerinin yüksek bulunması sebebiyle toprakların kloroza neden olma gücü indeks-1 ve 2 değerlerinin ve mangan oksitlere bağlı demir fraksiyonunun toprakların demir durumunun belirlenmesinde uygun yöntemler oldukları tespit edilmiştir.Toprakta bulunması gerekli bitkiye yarayışlı demirin kritik seviyesinin 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCI2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) yöntemi için 7.5 ppm olması gerektiği de ortaya konulmuştur.Bitkilerin aktif ve toplam demir kapsamlarıyla ilişkilerini gösteren korelasyon katsayıları dikkate alındığında 0.05 M EDTA (pH=7.0) (sırasıyla r= 0.396*, r= 0.720**) yönteminin toprakların alınabilir demir kapsamlarının ve bitkilerin demir beslenme durumlarının belirlenmesinde uygun olacağı tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yarayışlı demir, kritik seviye, biyolojik indeksler, demir ekstraksiyon metotları.
The object of this investigation is to selection plant and soil analysis methods which can be used to determine the available iron contents of soil samples taken from Bafra, Çarşamba ve Suluova regions.Twenty six soil samples were taken from 0 ? 20 cm depth for this purpose. Phaselous Vulgaris L. var nanus was grown after the addition of iron at the rate of 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm in the form of Fe EDDHA in this greenhouse experiment aim at determination of soils iron status. Dry matter amounts, total and active iron contents of plants harvested at the end of the study were determined.Iron extractions methods used in this study and iron content intervals of study soils were as follows: 1. Lindsay and Norwell (3.9 ? 42.5 ppm Fe), 2. 1.0 M NH4HCO3 + 0.005 M DTPA (8.9 ? 84.5 pm), 3. 0.05 M EDTA (23.8 ? 794.4 ppm Fe), 4. 1.0 N NH4OAc (pH=3.0) (29.2 ? 554.2 ppm Fe), 5. 1.0 N NH4OAc (pH= 4.8) (1.8 ? 71.8 ppm Fe), 6. 0.05 N HCI + 0.025 N H2SO4 (0.53 ? 1.36 ppm Fe), 7. 0.2 N Ammonium oxalate 812.3 ? 114.8 ppm Fe). Also iron fractions of soils were determined. These fractions were ordered as R- Fe > CFeOX-Fe > AFeOX-Fe > MnOX-Fe > EX-Fe > OM-Fe for contents.It was determined that 40 percent of Çarşamba soils, 22.2 percent of Bafra soils and 85.7 percent of Suluova soils were insufficient and these soils need iron fertilization.0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCI2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) respectively r= - 0.491**, - 0.476**, 0.519**), 1.0 M NH4HCO3 + 0.005 M DTPA (pH=7.6) respectively r= -0.424*, - 0.435*, 0.519**) and 0.2 N Ammonium oxalate (respectively r= - 0.523**, - 0.432*, 0.421*) methods that gave high correlation between some of biological indexes which show soils iron status or whether it is a need for iron fertilization or not (comparative yield values of control soils and obtained mean percent change values at the comparative grain and dry matter amount in proportion to blank by iron fertilizer treatment), were found to be suitable for determining soils iron status . In addition to this, IPC 1 and IPC 2 values and MnOX ? Fe fraction were determined as suitable methods in determining soils iron status because of high relations with biological indexes mentioned above.Critic level of plant available iron in the soils determined to be 7.5 ppm for 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCI2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) method.When correlation coefficients that show relations between active and total iron contents considered, 0.05 M EDTA (pH= 7.0) (respectively r= 0.396*, r= 0.720**) method was determined as suitable one, for defining available iron content and iron nutrition status of plants.Keywords: Available iron, critical level, biological indexes, Iron extractions methods.
The object of this investigation is to selection plant and soil analysis methods which can be used to determine the available iron contents of soil samples taken from Bafra, Çarşamba ve Suluova regions.Twenty six soil samples were taken from 0 ? 20 cm depth for this purpose. Phaselous Vulgaris L. var nanus was grown after the addition of iron at the rate of 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm in the form of Fe EDDHA in this greenhouse experiment aim at determination of soils iron status. Dry matter amounts, total and active iron contents of plants harvested at the end of the study were determined.Iron extractions methods used in this study and iron content intervals of study soils were as follows: 1. Lindsay and Norwell (3.9 ? 42.5 ppm Fe), 2. 1.0 M NH4HCO3 + 0.005 M DTPA (8.9 ? 84.5 pm), 3. 0.05 M EDTA (23.8 ? 794.4 ppm Fe), 4. 1.0 N NH4OAc (pH=3.0) (29.2 ? 554.2 ppm Fe), 5. 1.0 N NH4OAc (pH= 4.8) (1.8 ? 71.8 ppm Fe), 6. 0.05 N HCI + 0.025 N H2SO4 (0.53 ? 1.36 ppm Fe), 7. 0.2 N Ammonium oxalate 812.3 ? 114.8 ppm Fe). Also iron fractions of soils were determined. These fractions were ordered as R- Fe > CFeOX-Fe > AFeOX-Fe > MnOX-Fe > EX-Fe > OM-Fe for contents.It was determined that 40 percent of Çarşamba soils, 22.2 percent of Bafra soils and 85.7 percent of Suluova soils were insufficient and these soils need iron fertilization.0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCI2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) respectively r= - 0.491**, - 0.476**, 0.519**), 1.0 M NH4HCO3 + 0.005 M DTPA (pH=7.6) respectively r= -0.424*, - 0.435*, 0.519**) and 0.2 N Ammonium oxalate (respectively r= - 0.523**, - 0.432*, 0.421*) methods that gave high correlation between some of biological indexes which show soils iron status or whether it is a need for iron fertilization or not (comparative yield values of control soils and obtained mean percent change values at the comparative grain and dry matter amount in proportion to blank by iron fertilizer treatment), were found to be suitable for determining soils iron status . In addition to this, IPC 1 and IPC 2 values and MnOX ? Fe fraction were determined as suitable methods in determining soils iron status because of high relations with biological indexes mentioned above.Critic level of plant available iron in the soils determined to be 7.5 ppm for 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCI2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) method.When correlation coefficients that show relations between active and total iron contents considered, 0.05 M EDTA (pH= 7.0) (respectively r= 0.396*, r= 0.720**) method was determined as suitable one, for defining available iron content and iron nutrition status of plants.Keywords: Available iron, critical level, biological indexes, Iron extractions methods.
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Tez (doktora) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2008
Libra Kayıt No: 12461
Libra Kayıt No: 12461
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