Criteria for Diagnosis and Follow-Up Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classified into 4 groups as Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, other specific types of diabetes and gestational DM. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour plasma glucose during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL and HbA1C ≥6.5% establishes the diagnosis of DM, provided that the results are confirmed at another time. In a patient with classical symptoms of hyperglycemia, a random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL also establishes the diagnosis. In such a case, there is no need to confirm the diagnosis at another time. The diagnosis of gestational DM is made when any of the following criteria are met during a 75 g OGTT at 24-28 weeks of gestation: FPG ≥92 mg/dL or 1-hour plasma glucose ≥180 mg/dL or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥153 mg/dL. HbA1C <7%, FPG 70-130 mg/dL and postprandial plasma glucose <180 mg/dL are glycemic goals for nonpregnant adults. However, these goals may be individualized based on the duration of DM, occurence of hypoglycemia, presence of cardiovascular disease and life expectancy. Preprandial plasma glucose ≤95 mg/dL and 1-hour postprandial plasma glucose ≤140 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose ≤120 mg/dL are glycemic goals for gestational DM. © 2012 OMU.