Publication: Kızılırmak Deltası ve Kıyı Şeridinde Kirlilik Araştırması ve Midye Örneğinde Canlılarda Kirlilik Birikiminin İncelenmesi
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Abstract
KIZILIRMAK DELTASI VE KIYI ŞERİDİNDE KİRLİLİK ARAŞTIRMASI VE MİDYE ÖRNEĞİNDE CANLILARDA KİRLİLİK BİRİKİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ ÖZET Bu tez çalışmasında, çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Kızılırmak Deltası'nın, Samsun-Sinop Karayolu'nun kuzeyinde bulunan, Bafra, Alaçam ve Ondokuzmayıs ilçelerinin sınırlan içinde yer alan bölümünde, Nisan 2001 -Nisan 2002 tarihleri arasında Kızılırmak Nehri'nin su kalitesinde meydana gelen değişimlerin incelenmesi ve deltanın kıyı şeridinden alınan midye örneklerindeki kirlilik birikimin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında yapılan ölçümlere dayanarak Kızılırmak Nehri'nin su kalitesi açısından bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Kızılırmak Nehri'nin Bafra Üçe Merkezi'nden geçtiği ve Karadeniz ile birleştiği noktalardan bir yıl boyunca aylık su örnekleri alınarak sıcaklık, pH ve elektriksel iletkenlik ölçümleri yapılmış, askıda katı madde (AKM), biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ5), kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), nitrit, nitrat, üretkenlik, toplam fosfor, klorofil a, deterjan, fekal koliform, toplam koliform ve fekal streptokok analizleri yapılmıştır. Nehrin deniz ile birleştiği noktanın su kalitesinin genellikle nehrin ilçe merkezinden geçtiği noktanın su kalitesinden daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın diğer bir amacı Kızılırmak Deltası'nın kıyı şeridinde deniz kirliliğinin farklı bir yöntemle incelenmesi olup, bu amaca ulaşmak için biyomonitör organizma olarak midye türlerinden Mytilus Galloprovincialis seçilmiştir. Bu amaçla, biyomonitör olarak seçilen midyelerde Nötral-Red yöntemi uygulanarak deniz kirliliği araştırması yapılmıştır. Nötral-Red yöntemi çalışma süresi boyunca midyede kirlilik birikiminin en fazla olduğu tarih Nisan 2002 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında aynı zamanda Kızılırmak Nehri'nin Karadeniz ile birleştiği noktadan alman su örneklerinde ve aynı tarihlerde alman Mytilus Galloprovincialis türü midye örneklerinde çeşitli polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) bileşiklerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca midye örneklerinde ekstrakte olabilir organik madde11 (EOM) tayini de yapılmıştır. Alınan midye örneklerinde saptanan EOM içeriği ile PAH bileşiklerinin konsantrasyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi saptayabilmek için EOM içeriği ile bileşiklerinin konsantrasyonu arasında lineer regresyon ve korelasyon yapılmıştır. PAH bileşiklerinin analizi için mevsimsel olarak aynı tarihlerde dört kez midye ve deniz suyu örnekleri alınmıştır. Midye ve deniz suyu örneklerinde incelenen PAH bileşikleri krisen, benz(a)piren, naftalen ve antrasendir. Analizler sonucu elde edilen midye ve deniz suyu ekstraktlarında bulunan kirletici PAH bileşikleri, gaz kromatografisi cihazında alev iyonlaşma detektörü (FID) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca iç standart kullanılarak, ekstraksiyonların PAH bileşikleri için geri alım verimleri hesaplanmış ve PAH standartlarının gaz kromatografisi cihazına enjekte edilmesiyle PAH bileşiklerinin spesifik alıkonma süreleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, midye örneklerinde su örneklerine nazaran PAH konsantrasyonunun çok daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. PAH bileşiklerinin su örneklerinde düşük konsantrasyonlarda belirlenmesinin nedeni, onların yüksek molekül ağırlıkları, düşük su çözünürlükleri ve dolayısıyla partiküler maddelere sorblanmalan, sediman ve su canlılarında birikme eğilimleri nedeniyledir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kızılırmak Deltası, Su Kalitesi, Nötral-Red, Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonlar (PAH), Midye
m INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION IN KIZILIRMAK DELTA AND AT THE COASTAL AREA AND DETERMINATION OF POLLUTION ACCUMULATION IN ORGANISMS IN MUSSELS SAMPLES ABSTRACT In this thesis, it was aimed to investigate the changes in water quality of Kızılırmak River between April 2001 -April 2002 and to determinate the pollution accumulation in the mussels samples in the coastal area, in the Kızılırmak Delta where located in the north of the Samsun-Sinop highway with in the borders Bafra, Alaçam and Ondokuzmayis Countries. An evaluation of the water quality of Kızılırmak River was done based on measurements conducted within the framework of this study. During a year, water samples were collected from the points where Kızılırmak River joins the Black Sea and the river located in the Bafra city centre. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity were measured, suspended solid (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO2-N, NO3-N, productivity, total phosphorus, chlorophil a, detergent, fecal coliform, total coliform and fecal streptococcus were analyzed in the collected water samples. It was determined that the water quality of the point where the Kızılırmak River joins the Black Sea was improved than the water quality of the point where the river located in the Bafra city centre. Another aim of this research was to investigate by using a different method the sea pollution of the coastal area of Kızılırmak Delta and to get this aim Mytilus Galloprovincialis from mussels was choosen as a biomonitoring organism. Investigation of the sea pollution was performed using the Neutral-Red Method with mussels which were choosen as a biomonitor. During this study period, April 2002 was determined as the month when the pollution accumulation in the mussels samples was maximum. However, in this thesis, in the water samples and Mytilus Galloprovincialis from mussels samples were collected at the same time from the Kızılırmak river joinsIV the Black Sea, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compounds were analyzed. Besides, extactable oganic matter (EOM) was measured in the mussels samples. To determine the relationship between EOM contents and concentrations of PAH compounds that were determined in the mussels samples, linear regression and correlation applications were done between EOM and concentrations of PAH compounds. For analysis of PAH compounds, mussels samples and water samples were collected four times a year at the same time as seasonal. Determined in the mussels samples and the water samples, PAH compounds were chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene and anthracene. In the sample extracts that were obtained from the mussels and the water samples, PAH compounds, polutants were determined by using Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID). In addition, the recovery efficiencies of PAH compounds of extractions were determined by using internal standards and enjecting to the gas chromatography and spesific retention times of PAH compounds were determined by enjecting PAH standards to the gas chromatography. As a result, it was determined that concentrations of PAH compounds in the mussels samples were higher than concentrations of PAH compounds in the water samples. Due to high molecular weight, low water solubility, sorption tendency to particle matters, accumulation tendency to sediment and to aquatic organisms of PAH compounds, low concentrations of PAH compounds were determined in the water samples. Key Words: Kızılırmak Delta, Water Quality, Neutral-Red, Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), Mussel
m INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION IN KIZILIRMAK DELTA AND AT THE COASTAL AREA AND DETERMINATION OF POLLUTION ACCUMULATION IN ORGANISMS IN MUSSELS SAMPLES ABSTRACT In this thesis, it was aimed to investigate the changes in water quality of Kızılırmak River between April 2001 -April 2002 and to determinate the pollution accumulation in the mussels samples in the coastal area, in the Kızılırmak Delta where located in the north of the Samsun-Sinop highway with in the borders Bafra, Alaçam and Ondokuzmayis Countries. An evaluation of the water quality of Kızılırmak River was done based on measurements conducted within the framework of this study. During a year, water samples were collected from the points where Kızılırmak River joins the Black Sea and the river located in the Bafra city centre. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity were measured, suspended solid (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO2-N, NO3-N, productivity, total phosphorus, chlorophil a, detergent, fecal coliform, total coliform and fecal streptococcus were analyzed in the collected water samples. It was determined that the water quality of the point where the Kızılırmak River joins the Black Sea was improved than the water quality of the point where the river located in the Bafra city centre. Another aim of this research was to investigate by using a different method the sea pollution of the coastal area of Kızılırmak Delta and to get this aim Mytilus Galloprovincialis from mussels was choosen as a biomonitoring organism. Investigation of the sea pollution was performed using the Neutral-Red Method with mussels which were choosen as a biomonitor. During this study period, April 2002 was determined as the month when the pollution accumulation in the mussels samples was maximum. However, in this thesis, in the water samples and Mytilus Galloprovincialis from mussels samples were collected at the same time from the Kızılırmak river joinsIV the Black Sea, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compounds were analyzed. Besides, extactable oganic matter (EOM) was measured in the mussels samples. To determine the relationship between EOM contents and concentrations of PAH compounds that were determined in the mussels samples, linear regression and correlation applications were done between EOM and concentrations of PAH compounds. For analysis of PAH compounds, mussels samples and water samples were collected four times a year at the same time as seasonal. Determined in the mussels samples and the water samples, PAH compounds were chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene and anthracene. In the sample extracts that were obtained from the mussels and the water samples, PAH compounds, polutants were determined by using Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID). In addition, the recovery efficiencies of PAH compounds of extractions were determined by using internal standards and enjecting to the gas chromatography and spesific retention times of PAH compounds were determined by enjecting PAH standards to the gas chromatography. As a result, it was determined that concentrations of PAH compounds in the mussels samples were higher than concentrations of PAH compounds in the water samples. Due to high molecular weight, low water solubility, sorption tendency to particle matters, accumulation tendency to sediment and to aquatic organisms of PAH compounds, low concentrations of PAH compounds were determined in the water samples. Key Words: Kızılırmak Delta, Water Quality, Neutral-Red, Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), Mussel
Description
Tez (yüksek lisans) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 2002
Libra Kayıt No: 39359
Libra Kayıt No: 39359
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
184
