Publication: Trabzon Yöresinde Yetiştirilen Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis Yaygınlığı ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ilinde farklı ilçelerde bulunan 4 farklı balık çiftliğinden alınan gökkuşağı alabalıklarında salgınlara ve ölümlere neden olan bir protozoon parazit, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis'in farklı parametrelere göre yaygınlığı ve saha suşlarının 18S rRNA gen bölgesi temelinde moleküler yapılarının belirlenmesi ve moleküler karakterizasyonlarının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Kasım 2021- Ekim 2022 tarihleri arasıında bir yıl boyunca dört farklı işletmeden toplam 480 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı I. multifiliis varlığı yönünden incelenmiş ve bulunan parazitler %85'lik etanol ile tespit edilerek -20 °C'de muhafaza edilmiştir. Tespit edilen I. multifiliis'lerin gDNA'sı ticari DNA izolasyon kiti ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis izolatlarına ait gDNA'ların, 18S rRNA gen bölgesini hedefleyen primer çifti ile PCR amplifikasyonu yapılmıştır. PCR ürünlerinin DNA nükleotid dizilemesi, Sanger sekanslama yöntemiyle PCR amplifikasyonunda kullanılan aynı primer çifti kullanılarak iki yönlü şekilde yapılmıştır. Filogenetik ağaç, Jukas-Cantor modeli ile UPGMA metodu kullanılarak MEGA11 programında oluşturulmuştur. Tespit edilen I. multifiliis izolatlarının 18S rRNA gen bölgesine ait elde edilen sekans dizileri, belirlenen erişim numaraları ile GenBank veri tabanına kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda tespit edilen I. multifiliis'lere ait enfeksiyon oranı (prevalans), enfeksiyon yoğunluğu ve toplam parazit sayısı gibi istatistiki verilerin ay, mevsim, balık boyu, balık ağırlığı ve su sıcaklığı gibi parametrelere göre dağılımları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Trabzon ilindeki gökkuşağı alabalıklarında salgınlara sebep olan dört adet I. multifiliis izolatı tanımlanmıştır. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis türüne ait elde edilen izolatların (ImTR1, ImTR2, ImTR3, ImTR4), 18S rRNA gen bölgesi yönünden Türkiye'de ilk kez moleküler karakterizasyonu ortaya koyulmuştur. Bunun yanında izole edilen I. multifiliis parazitlerinin 18S rRNA gen bölgesi yönünden Türkiye'de ilk kez Sanger sekanslama yöntemiyle moleküler analizleri yapılmıştır. Tespit edilen I. multifiliis izolatlarının, hem kendi aralarında hem de GenBank'ta yer alan diğer I. multifiliis izolatları ile %100 oranında genotipik olarak benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda enfeksiyon oranı ve yoğunluğunun en fazla yavru balıklarda, 20-25 °C su sıcaklığında ve Ağustos ayında görüldüğü belirlenmiştir.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a protozoan parasite that causes epidemics and deaths in rainbow trout from four different fish farms in different districts in Trabzon, according to various parameters, and to determine the molecular structures and molecular characterizations of field strains based on the 18S rRNA gene region. In the study, a total of 480 rainbow trout from 4 different farms were examined for the presence of I multifiliis for a year between November 2021 and October 2022, and the parasites found were detected with 85% ethanol and stored at -20 °C. The gDNA of detected I. multifiliis was extracted with a DNA isolation kit. gDNAs of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolates were amplified by PCR with a primer pair targeting the 18S rRNA gene region. DNA nucleotide sequencing of PCR products was done bi-directionally using the same primer pair used in PCR amplification by Sanger sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was created in the MEGA11 program using the Jukas-Cantor model and the UPGMA method. The obtained sequences of the 18S rRNA gene region of the identified I. multifiliis isolates were recorded in the GenBank database with the determined accession numbers. In addition, the distribution of statistical data such as infection rate (prevalence), infection density and total number of parasites of I. multifiliis determined as a result of the research, according to parameters such as month, season, fish size, fish weight and water temperature were determined. As a result of the study, four isolates of I. multifiliis that caused epidemics in rainbow trout in Trabzon province were identified. Molecular characterization of the isolates (ImTR1, ImTR2, ImTR3, ImTR4) of the Ichthyophthirius multifiliis genus was presented for the first time in Turkey regarding the 18S rRNA gene region. In addition, molecular analyses of the isolated I. multifiliis were performed for the first time in Turkey using the 18S rRNA gene region and the Sanger sequencing method. It was determined that the detected I. multifiliis isolates were 100% genotypically similar among themselves and with other I. multifiliis isolates in GenBank. In addition, the research determined that the infection rate and intensity were most observed in juvenile fish at a water temperature of 20-25 °C and in August.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a protozoan parasite that causes epidemics and deaths in rainbow trout from four different fish farms in different districts in Trabzon, according to various parameters, and to determine the molecular structures and molecular characterizations of field strains based on the 18S rRNA gene region. In the study, a total of 480 rainbow trout from 4 different farms were examined for the presence of I multifiliis for a year between November 2021 and October 2022, and the parasites found were detected with 85% ethanol and stored at -20 °C. The gDNA of detected I. multifiliis was extracted with a DNA isolation kit. gDNAs of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolates were amplified by PCR with a primer pair targeting the 18S rRNA gene region. DNA nucleotide sequencing of PCR products was done bi-directionally using the same primer pair used in PCR amplification by Sanger sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was created in the MEGA11 program using the Jukas-Cantor model and the UPGMA method. The obtained sequences of the 18S rRNA gene region of the identified I. multifiliis isolates were recorded in the GenBank database with the determined accession numbers. In addition, the distribution of statistical data such as infection rate (prevalence), infection density and total number of parasites of I. multifiliis determined as a result of the research, according to parameters such as month, season, fish size, fish weight and water temperature were determined. As a result of the study, four isolates of I. multifiliis that caused epidemics in rainbow trout in Trabzon province were identified. Molecular characterization of the isolates (ImTR1, ImTR2, ImTR3, ImTR4) of the Ichthyophthirius multifiliis genus was presented for the first time in Turkey regarding the 18S rRNA gene region. In addition, molecular analyses of the isolated I. multifiliis were performed for the first time in Turkey using the 18S rRNA gene region and the Sanger sequencing method. It was determined that the detected I. multifiliis isolates were 100% genotypically similar among themselves and with other I. multifiliis isolates in GenBank. In addition, the research determined that the infection rate and intensity were most observed in juvenile fish at a water temperature of 20-25 °C and in August.
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