Publication: Sivaslı Âşıkların Şiirlerinde Sivas Halk Kültürü
Abstract
Türk kültürünün önemli unsurlarından biri olan âşık edebiyatı ve âşıklık geleneği, yüzyıllardır varlığını sürdürmektedir. Bu geleneğin kökleri Orta Asya Türk topluluklarına dek uzanmaktadır. Bu edebi ve kültürel gelenek, sadece sanat ve edebiyat alanında değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal yaşamın, değerlerin ve kültürel kimliğin korunmasında ve aktarılmasında da büyük bir rol oynamaktadır. Âşıklar genellikle saz eşliğinde şiirlerini icra eden ve insana dair her konuyu şiirlerine yansıtan sanatçılardır. Bu nedenle âşıkların eserleri Türk kültürünün önemli bir yansımasıdır. Yaşadıkları toplumun her evresini şiirlerine yansıtan âşıklar bu yönleriyle bir kültürel hafıza işlevi görmektedir ve kültür aktarımında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Sivas hem âşıklık geleneği açısından hem de kültürünü koruma ve aktarma bağlamında oldukça zengin bir şehirdir. Sivaslı âşıkların, şiirlerinde kullandıkları halk kültürü unsurları tespit edilerek Sivas yöresinin kültürel yapısının âşıkların şiirine ne denli yansıdığı, âşıkların bu kültürel birikimden ne denli haberdar oldukları ve istifade ettiklerinin ortaya çıkarılması ve bu kültürel unsurların bağlamları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın ana hattını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan on beş âşığın şiirlerinde tespit edilmiş olan Sivas halk kültürüne ait unsurlar bağlamlarıyla birlikte ele alınarak incelenmiş ve böylelikle bu kültürün Âşık Tarzı Şiirin zenginliğine yaptığı katkı ve şiirin bu kültürü taşımadaki işlevselliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Özellikle halk kültürünün zengin malzemesini oluşturan doğum, sünnet, evlilik ve ölüm âdetleri gibi geçiş dönemleri ile halk edebiyatı, halk zanaatları, mutfak kültürü, giyim-kuşam, halk hekimliği, halk mimarisi, halk müziği, halk oyunları gibi kültürel belleğe ait unsurlar âşıkların şiirlerine ne şekilde yansımış olduğu tespit edilerek âşıkların bir nevi şiir icra ederken beslendikleri kaynaklar tespit edilmeye, böylelikle gelenek temsilcisi âşıklarla içinde doğdukları ve beslendikleri kültürel kodlar arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
One of the significant elements of Turkish culture, the tradition of folk poetry and the tradition of minstrel, has been maintained for centuries. The roots of this tradition extend back to the Turkish communities in Central Asia. This literary and cultural tradition plays a crucial role not only in the fields of art and literature but also in the preservation and transmission of social life, values, and cultural identity. Minstrels are typically artists who perform their poems with the accompaniment of a saz and reflect every aspect of human life in their poetry. Therefore, the works of minstrels are a significant reflection of Turkish culture. Minstrels, who reflect every phase of the society they live in through their poetry, function as a cultural memory and play a significant role in cultural transmission. Sivas is a city rich in terms of the tradition of minstrelsy and in the context of preserving and transmitting its culture. This study focuses on identifying the elements of folk culture used in the poems of minstrels from Sivas, examining how much the cultural structure of the Sivas region is reflected in their poetry, how aware the minstrels are of this cultural accumulation, and how they utilize it. Additionally, these cultural elements are evaluated within their contexts. The elements of Sivas folk culture identified in the poems of the fifteen minstrels, which are the subject of this study, are examined within their contexts. Thus, the contribution of this culture to the richness of minstrel-style poetry and the functionality of poetry in carrying this culture are emphasized. Especially, elements belonging to the cultural memory such as birth, circumcision, marriage, and death customs, as well as folk literature, folk crafts, culinary culture, clothing, folk medicine, folk architecture, folk music, and folk dances, are identified to see how they are reflected in the poems of the minstrels. By determining the sources from which the minstrels are nourished while performing their poetry, the relationship between the minstrels as representatives of the tradition and the cultural codes they are born into and nourished by is attempted to be revealed.
One of the significant elements of Turkish culture, the tradition of folk poetry and the tradition of minstrel, has been maintained for centuries. The roots of this tradition extend back to the Turkish communities in Central Asia. This literary and cultural tradition plays a crucial role not only in the fields of art and literature but also in the preservation and transmission of social life, values, and cultural identity. Minstrels are typically artists who perform their poems with the accompaniment of a saz and reflect every aspect of human life in their poetry. Therefore, the works of minstrels are a significant reflection of Turkish culture. Minstrels, who reflect every phase of the society they live in through their poetry, function as a cultural memory and play a significant role in cultural transmission. Sivas is a city rich in terms of the tradition of minstrelsy and in the context of preserving and transmitting its culture. This study focuses on identifying the elements of folk culture used in the poems of minstrels from Sivas, examining how much the cultural structure of the Sivas region is reflected in their poetry, how aware the minstrels are of this cultural accumulation, and how they utilize it. Additionally, these cultural elements are evaluated within their contexts. The elements of Sivas folk culture identified in the poems of the fifteen minstrels, which are the subject of this study, are examined within their contexts. Thus, the contribution of this culture to the richness of minstrel-style poetry and the functionality of poetry in carrying this culture are emphasized. Especially, elements belonging to the cultural memory such as birth, circumcision, marriage, and death customs, as well as folk literature, folk crafts, culinary culture, clothing, folk medicine, folk architecture, folk music, and folk dances, are identified to see how they are reflected in the poems of the minstrels. By determining the sources from which the minstrels are nourished while performing their poetry, the relationship between the minstrels as representatives of the tradition and the cultural codes they are born into and nourished by is attempted to be revealed.
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