Publication: İlkokul Ders Kitaplarında Görsel-Metin Ders İçeriğinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Ders kitapları eğitim öğretimin vazgeçilmez materyallerindendir. Eğitim- öğretimde öğrencilerin öğrenme sürecinde yararlandıkları ders kitapları her kademede oldukça önemli bir faktördür. Bu yüzden öğrenmeye katkı sağlayacak tüm argümanların etkili ve doğru kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı, ilkokul 3. sınıf düzeyinde MEB Yayınevi tarafından hazırlanan; İngilizce, Matematik, Hayat Bilgisi ve Türkçe derslerine ait ders kitaplarının görsel, metin ve ders içerikleri bakımından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; ders kitaplarının hem kapak tasarımlarının hem de içerik tasarımlarının tipografik düzenlemesi, görsel tasarım ilkeleri ve görsel ögelerin uygunluğu incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden çoklu durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada temel veri toplama araçlarından olan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. On iki soruluk yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu bir Türkçe alan uzmanı, üç ölçme ve değerlendirme uzmanı ve yedi görsel alan uzmanının görüş, öneri ve eleştirilerine göre oluşturulmuştur. Uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda soru sayısı 18 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında on bir alan uzmanı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonucunda uzmanlar, İngilizce, Matematik, Hayat Bilgisi ve Türkçe ders kitabının hem kapak tasarımının hem de içerik tasarımının tipografik düzenlemesi, görsel tasarım ilkeleri ve görsel ögelerin uygunluğu üzerine görüşlerini bildirmişlerdir. Türkçe, Hayat Bilgisi, Matematik ve İngilizce ders kitap kapaklarında ve içerik tasarımlarında tipografik eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Tüm ders kitabı kapak tasarımlarında ve içerik tasarımlarında teknik tutarlılık olmadığından tasarım ilkelerinden bütünlük ilkesi sağlanamamıştır. Şekil-zemin ilişkisi ve denge göz ardı edilmiştir. Türkçe kitabının kapak tasarımı hariç vurgu ilkesinde eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Tüm kitapların kapak ve içerik tasarımında özgün görsellere yer verilmemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre ders kitaplarının kapak ve içerik tasarımına yönelik tipografik düzenlemesi, görsel tasarım ilkeleri, görsellerin uygunluğu ve çizimi ile ilgili daha profesyonel bir ekip ile çalışılması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Course books are one of the indispensable materials of education. The course books students benefit from while acquiring new information are highly important factors in every level. This is why it is important to use every argument that adds to learning with precision and accuracy. In this research, the aim was to analyze the English, Mathematics and Social Studies and Turkish courses' textbooks, which were prepared by Turkish Ministry of Education for 3rd grades in 2018-2019 academic year, in respect to their visuals, text and content. For this purpose; typographical arrangement of both cover and content designs in course books, principles of graphic design and appropriateness of visual elements were the topics that were dwelled on. In this research, multiple case study, a type of qualitative research, was used. The interview form, one of the fundamental data collection tools, was used for the research. Semi-structured interview form that consists of twelve questions were remodeled with the help of one domain expert in Turkish, three in assessment and evaluation and seven in visual studies. In accordance with the expert's views, the number of questions were determined as 18. Within the scope of research, interviews with eleven domain experts were conducted. As a result of content analysis, experts shared their opinions on typographical arrangement of both cover and content designs in English, Mathematics and Social Studies and Turkish course books, principles of graphic design and appropriateness of visual elements. Some typographical errors were detected in the covers and contents of English, Mathematics and Social Studies and Turkish course books. Principle of unity was not provided because of the lack of consistency in techniques that were used to design covers and content. Affinity and balance of figure-ground relationship was neglected. Principle of emphasis was overlooked except for the cover design of Turkish course book. No unique images were used in any of the cover or the content designs. According to results that were acquired, it was revealed that a more professional team should work on the typographical arrangement of both cover and content designs in course books, principles of graphic design and appropriateness of visual elements.
Course books are one of the indispensable materials of education. The course books students benefit from while acquiring new information are highly important factors in every level. This is why it is important to use every argument that adds to learning with precision and accuracy. In this research, the aim was to analyze the English, Mathematics and Social Studies and Turkish courses' textbooks, which were prepared by Turkish Ministry of Education for 3rd grades in 2018-2019 academic year, in respect to their visuals, text and content. For this purpose; typographical arrangement of both cover and content designs in course books, principles of graphic design and appropriateness of visual elements were the topics that were dwelled on. In this research, multiple case study, a type of qualitative research, was used. The interview form, one of the fundamental data collection tools, was used for the research. Semi-structured interview form that consists of twelve questions were remodeled with the help of one domain expert in Turkish, three in assessment and evaluation and seven in visual studies. In accordance with the expert's views, the number of questions were determined as 18. Within the scope of research, interviews with eleven domain experts were conducted. As a result of content analysis, experts shared their opinions on typographical arrangement of both cover and content designs in English, Mathematics and Social Studies and Turkish course books, principles of graphic design and appropriateness of visual elements. Some typographical errors were detected in the covers and contents of English, Mathematics and Social Studies and Turkish course books. Principle of unity was not provided because of the lack of consistency in techniques that were used to design covers and content. Affinity and balance of figure-ground relationship was neglected. Principle of emphasis was overlooked except for the cover design of Turkish course book. No unique images were used in any of the cover or the content designs. According to results that were acquired, it was revealed that a more professional team should work on the typographical arrangement of both cover and content designs in course books, principles of graphic design and appropriateness of visual elements.
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