Publication: Toprakta Rizoferle İlişkili Mikrobiyom, Mikrobiyal Topluluk Yapısı ve Biyolojik Aktivitenin Dinamiği
Abstract
Toprak yönetimi uygulamaları, toprak özelliklerini etkileyen en kritik faktörler arasındadır. Entegre amplikon dizilimi ve biyolojik özellik analizi, yönetim uygulamalarının toprak mikrobiyal topluluklarını nasıl şekillendirdiğine ilişkin bağlamsal içgörüler sağlayabilir. Üç tarımsal yönetim sisteminin (Lavanta Yetiştiriciliği, Buğday Bazlı Rotasyon ve Yönetilmeyen Arazi) toprak mikrobiyal topluluk yapısı ve özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için Plovdiv Tarım Üniversitesi'nde tamamen rastgele örnekleme çalışması yürüttük. Taksonomik değerlendirme, mikrobiyal topluluk bileşiminde net bir ayrım olduğunu gösterdi. Yönetilmeyen topraklar r-stratejistler tarafından domine edildi ve muhtemelen sınırlı kaynaklardan gelen seçilim baskısıyla yönlendirilen daha az çeşitli ancak baskın mikrobiyal gruplar sergiledi. Buna karşılık, ekili toprak, r ve k stratejistlerinden oluşan çeşitli mikrobiyal topluluğu destekledi. Dehidrogenaz ve β-Glukozidaz aktivitesi yönetilen toprakta önemli ölçüde arttı (p≤0,05). Arazi yönetimi, pH, EC, Bazal Solunum ve Toprak Nem içeriğini önemli ölçüde etkiledi (p≤0,05). Ekilmemiş toprakta daha yüksek toprak solunumu (CO2) gözlemlendi ve bu, mikrobiyal substrat kullanım verimliliğinde substrat kalitesinin rolünü gösterdi. Yönetilmeyen arazilerde Proteobacteria (%54,75) baskın filumdu, bunu Bacteroidota (%16,45) izledi. Lavanta yetiştiriciliğinde Actinobacteriota (%34,20), Proteobacteria (%20,56) ve Acidobacteriota (%20,11) en bol bulunanlardı. Benzer şekilde, Buğday bazlı rotasyonda, Acidobacteriota (%28,73), Actinobacteriota (%19,97), Proteobacteria (%17,5) ve Bacteroidota (%10,64)'nın çeşitli oranları gözlemlendi. Ascomycota, Buğday bazlı rotasyonda daha yüksek çeşitlilikle arazi yönetiminde %75-85 bollukla baskın filumdu. Shannon ve Simpson indeksi gibi alfa çeşitlilik endeksleri ekili toprakta daha yüksekti. Beta çeşitlilik analizi, ekilmemiş ve ekilmiş toprak arasında belirgin bir farklılık gösterdi. Bu, mikrobiyal çeşitliliği destekleyen bir gübreleme rejimi ile yer üstü ve yer altı biyokütlesinin etkileşimli etkisini gösterir. Bulgularımız, yer üstü biyokütlesi, ekim sistemi, gübreleme ve nem içeriği gibi faktörler arasındaki etkileşimin mikrobiyal topluluk yapısını belirgin şekilde şekillendirdiğini göstermektedir. Yönetim sistemlerinin sürdürülebilir etkisi hakkında önemli geri bildirim elde etmek için uzun vadeli izleme esastır.
Land management practices are among the most critical factors influencing soil properties. Integrated amplicon sequencing and biological properties analysis can provide contextual insights into how management practices shape soil microbial communities. We conducted a completely randomized sampling study at Agricultural University, Plovdiv, to assess the impact of three agricultural management systems: Lavender Cultivation, Wheat-based Rotation and Unmanaged land on soil microbial community structure and properties. Taxonomic assessment indicated a clear distinction in microbial community composition. Unmanaged soils were dominated by r-strategists and exhibited less diverse but dominant microbial groups, possibly driven by selection pressure from limited resources. In contrast, cultivated soil supported diverse microbial community of r and k strategists. Dehydrogenase and β-Glucosidase activity increased significantly (p≤0.05) in managed soil. Land management significantly influenced the pH, EC, Basal Respiration, and Soil Moisture content (p≤0.05). Higher soil respiration (CO2) was observed in uncultivated soil, indicating role of substrate quality in microbial substrate utilization efficiency. Proteobacteria (54.75%) was the dominant phyla in unmanaged land, followed by Bacteroidota (16.45%). In Lavender cultivation, Actinobacteriota (34.20%), Proteobacteria (20.56%), and Acidobacteriota (20.11%) were the most abundant. Similarly, in Wheat based rotation, diverse proportion of Acidobacteriota (28.73%), Actinobacteriota (19.97%), Proteobacteria (17.5%) and Bacteroidota (10.64%) was observed. Ascomycota was the dominant phyla with 75–85% abundance across land management with higher diversity in Wheat-based rotation. Alpha diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson index was higher in cultivated soil. Beta diversity analysis showed a distinct dissimilarity between uncultivated and cultivated soil. This indicates the interactive influence of aboveground and below-ground biomass with a fertilization regime that promotes microbial diversity. Our findings indicate that interaction between factors such as aboveground biomass, cropping system, fertilization, and moisture content, distinctly shape the microbial community structure. Long-term monitoring is essential to gain substantial feedback on the sustained effect of the management systems.
Land management practices are among the most critical factors influencing soil properties. Integrated amplicon sequencing and biological properties analysis can provide contextual insights into how management practices shape soil microbial communities. We conducted a completely randomized sampling study at Agricultural University, Plovdiv, to assess the impact of three agricultural management systems: Lavender Cultivation, Wheat-based Rotation and Unmanaged land on soil microbial community structure and properties. Taxonomic assessment indicated a clear distinction in microbial community composition. Unmanaged soils were dominated by r-strategists and exhibited less diverse but dominant microbial groups, possibly driven by selection pressure from limited resources. In contrast, cultivated soil supported diverse microbial community of r and k strategists. Dehydrogenase and β-Glucosidase activity increased significantly (p≤0.05) in managed soil. Land management significantly influenced the pH, EC, Basal Respiration, and Soil Moisture content (p≤0.05). Higher soil respiration (CO2) was observed in uncultivated soil, indicating role of substrate quality in microbial substrate utilization efficiency. Proteobacteria (54.75%) was the dominant phyla in unmanaged land, followed by Bacteroidota (16.45%). In Lavender cultivation, Actinobacteriota (34.20%), Proteobacteria (20.56%), and Acidobacteriota (20.11%) were the most abundant. Similarly, in Wheat based rotation, diverse proportion of Acidobacteriota (28.73%), Actinobacteriota (19.97%), Proteobacteria (17.5%) and Bacteroidota (10.64%) was observed. Ascomycota was the dominant phyla with 75–85% abundance across land management with higher diversity in Wheat-based rotation. Alpha diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson index was higher in cultivated soil. Beta diversity analysis showed a distinct dissimilarity between uncultivated and cultivated soil. This indicates the interactive influence of aboveground and below-ground biomass with a fertilization regime that promotes microbial diversity. Our findings indicate that interaction between factors such as aboveground biomass, cropping system, fertilization, and moisture content, distinctly shape the microbial community structure. Long-term monitoring is essential to gain substantial feedback on the sustained effect of the management systems.
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