Publication: Çocuk ve Adolesan Çağda Görülen Temporomandibular Bozukluğun Etiyolojisinde Ailesel ve Davranışsal Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Çocuklarda ve adelosanlarda Temporomandibular Düzensizliğin (TMD) tedavisinde birinci basamak, yetişkinlerde de olduğu gibi etiyolojik faktörlerin belirlenerek kontrol altına alınmasıdır. Günümüzde TMD etyolojisinde biyopsikososyal yaklaşım kabul edilmektedir. Bu yaklaşıma göre anksiyete, somatizasyon ve çevresel faktörler gibi psikososyal etkenler hastalığın tedavisinde mutlaka dikkatli bir şekilde değerlendirilmelidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, TMD olan çocuk ve adelolsanlarda davranışsal ve ailesel faktörlerin hastalığın etyolojisinde rolü olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesidir. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya yaşları 9-18 arası olan TMD'ye sahip 70 birey ve sağlıklı 69 gönüllü birey ve refakatçi ebeveynleri dahil edildi. TMD tanısı klinik muayene ve gerekli durumlarda görüntüleme metotlarının kombine kullanımıyla yapıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm bireylerin demografik verileri, ağrı ve çene fonksiyonları değerlendirildi. Klinik muayene bulgularında ağrı, maksimum ağız açıklığı ve eklem sesleri değerlendirildi. Tüm bireylere DC/TMD Axis II de yer alan derecelendirilmiş kronik ağrı skalası (GCPS), hasta sağlık anketi-4 (PHQ-4) ve ağız alışkanlıkları kontrol listesi ve Axis I' de yer alan TMD ağrı anket'i uygulandı. Bunun yanında tüm bireylere çocuk davranış değerlendirme ölçeği ve ebeveynlerine aile değerlendirme ölçeği uygulandı. Anket sonuçları istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Gruplara göre hasta sağlık anket'i ve ağız alışkanlıkları kontrol listesi skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p=0,001). TMD grubunda ağız alışkanlıkları sağlıklı bireylere göre daha fazla bulundu. Aile değerlendirme ölçeği puanı değerlendirildiğinde, iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p=0,315). Çocuk davranış listesi genel puanı karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p=0,001). Gruplara göre sosyal olarak içe çekilme, somatik sorunlar, anksiyete/depresyon gibi içedönüklük sorunları ve aynı zamanda suça yönelik davranışlar, saldırgan davranışlar gibi dışadönüklük puanı, gayretli kontrol puanı ortanca değerlerinin TMD grubunda daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. Yaş ile iletişim puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönlü çok zayıf bir ilişki bulundu (p=0,038). Sonuç: TMD'li çocuk ve adelosanlarda davranışsal bozukluk bulgularının ve oral alışkanlıkların daha yüksek bulunması bu faktörlerin TMD etyolojide rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu faktörlerin varlığından şüphe ediliyorsa tedavi planımızda davranışsal terapilere de yer verilmesi faydalı olacaktır.
Objective: The first step in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in children and adolescents is to determine and control the etiological factors, as in adults. Today, the biopsychosocial approach is accepted in the etiology of TMD. According to this approach, psychosocial factors such as anxiety, somatization and environmental factors must be carefully evaluated in the treatment of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether behavioral and familial factors play a role in the etiology of the disease in children and adolescents with TMD. Materials and Methods: The study included 70 children and adolesants with TMD between the ages of 9-18, and 69 healthy volunteers and their accompanying parents. TMD diagnosis was made with the combined use of clinical examination and imaging methods when necessary. Demographic data, pain and jaw functions of all individuals included in the study were evaluated. In clinical examination findings, pain, maximum mouth opening and joint sounds were evaluated. The graded chronic pain scale (GCPS), patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and oral habits checklist in DC/TMD Axis II and TMD pain questionnaire in Axis I were applied to all individuals. In addition, the child behavior assessment scale was applied to all individuals and the family assessment scale was applied to their parents. Survey results were compared statistically. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the patient health questionnaire and oral habits checklist scores according to the groups (p=0.001). Oral habits were more common in the TMD group than in healthy individuals. When the family rating scale score was evaluated, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.315). When the overall score of the child behavior list was compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.001). Compared to the groups, it was found that the median values of social withdrawal, somatic problems, introversion problems such as anxiety/depression, as well as extraversion scores such as criminal behaviors and aggressive behaviors, and diligent control scores were higher in the TMD group. A statistically significant positive and very weak correlation was found between age and communication scores (p=0.038). Conclusion: The higher prevalence of behavioral disorders and oral habits in children and adolescents with TMD suggests that these factors may play a role in the etiology of TMD. If the existence of these factors is suspected, it would be beneficial to include behavioral therapies in our treatment plan.
Objective: The first step in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in children and adolescents is to determine and control the etiological factors, as in adults. Today, the biopsychosocial approach is accepted in the etiology of TMD. According to this approach, psychosocial factors such as anxiety, somatization and environmental factors must be carefully evaluated in the treatment of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether behavioral and familial factors play a role in the etiology of the disease in children and adolescents with TMD. Materials and Methods: The study included 70 children and adolesants with TMD between the ages of 9-18, and 69 healthy volunteers and their accompanying parents. TMD diagnosis was made with the combined use of clinical examination and imaging methods when necessary. Demographic data, pain and jaw functions of all individuals included in the study were evaluated. In clinical examination findings, pain, maximum mouth opening and joint sounds were evaluated. The graded chronic pain scale (GCPS), patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and oral habits checklist in DC/TMD Axis II and TMD pain questionnaire in Axis I were applied to all individuals. In addition, the child behavior assessment scale was applied to all individuals and the family assessment scale was applied to their parents. Survey results were compared statistically. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the patient health questionnaire and oral habits checklist scores according to the groups (p=0.001). Oral habits were more common in the TMD group than in healthy individuals. When the family rating scale score was evaluated, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.315). When the overall score of the child behavior list was compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.001). Compared to the groups, it was found that the median values of social withdrawal, somatic problems, introversion problems such as anxiety/depression, as well as extraversion scores such as criminal behaviors and aggressive behaviors, and diligent control scores were higher in the TMD group. A statistically significant positive and very weak correlation was found between age and communication scores (p=0.038). Conclusion: The higher prevalence of behavioral disorders and oral habits in children and adolescents with TMD suggests that these factors may play a role in the etiology of TMD. If the existence of these factors is suspected, it would be beneficial to include behavioral therapies in our treatment plan.
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