Publication: Multipl Skleroz Hastalarında Dikkat Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi
Abstract
Mevcut çalışmanın temel amacı, Atak ve İyileşmelerle Giden Multipl Skleroz (RRMS: Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis) hastalarında dikkat örüntüsünün (odaklanmış dikkat, sürekli dikkat, bölünmüş dikkat ve bozucu etkiye direnç) sağlıklı katılımcılara göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Araştırmanın bir diğer amacı ise RRMS hastalarında dikkat süreçlerine ilişkin bilişsel yıkımın hastalığın kaçıncı yılından itibaren başladığını belirlemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 20-49 yaş aralığında, en az ilkokul mezunu RRMS hastaları (n=53) ve sağlıklı katılımcılardan (n=30) oluşmuştur. Katılımcıların dikkat işlevleri Stroop Testi TBAG Formu, İşaretleme Testi, Adımlı İşitsel Seri Ekleme Testi, Şifre Testi, WMS-R Sayı Uzamı ve Görsel Bellek Uzamı alt testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bölünmüş dikkat performansı, psikolojik doygunluk dönemi paradigması temelinde geliştirilen bir deneysel görev ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda beş uyaran başlangıç uyumsuzluğu (16 ms, 133 ms, 316 ms, 500 ms ve 1000 ms) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri tek faktörlü ANOVA ve 3 x 5 faktörlü son faktörde tekrar ölçümlü deneysel desene göre toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları RRMS hastaları ile sağlıklı katılımcılar arasında dikkat türleri açısından farklılık olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. RRMS hastalarının odaklanmış ve sürekli dikkati ile bozucu etkiye direnç gösterme becerisi, hastalığın 7. yılından itibaren belirgin bir düşüş göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, RRMS hastaları bölünmüş dikkat görevinde sağlıklı katılımcılara göre daha fazla yanlış tepki ve atlama hatası yapmış, daha geç tepkide bulunmuştur. RRMS hastalarının bölünmüş dikkat görevinde göstermiş oldukları bu yetersizlikler de hastalığın 7. yılından itibaren daha belirgin hale gelmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
The main purpose of the present study is to examine whether the attention pattern (focused attention, sustained attention, divided attention and interference effect) of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients differs compared to healthy participants. Another aim of the study is to determine from which year of illness cognitive impairment of attention processes starts in patients with RRMS. The study sample is comprised of RRMS patients (n=53) and healthy participants (n=30) between the ages of 20-49, who were at least primary school graduates. Attention functions of the participants were evaluated with the Stroop Test TBAG Form, Verbal and Nonverbal Cancellation Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Coding Test, WMS-R Digit Span and Visual Memory Span subtests. Divided attention performance was evaluated with an experimental task developed on the basis of the psychological refractory period paradigm. Accordingly, five stimulus onset asynchrony (16 ms, 133 ms, 316 ms, 500 ms and 1000 ms) were determined. The research data were collected according to the one-way ANOVA and 3 x 5 mixed design ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor experimental design. The findings of the study revealed difference in terms of attention types between RRMS patients and healthy participants. The ability of RRMS patients to put up resistance to interference, their focused and sustained attention has decreased significantly since the 7th year of the disease. In addition, RRMS patients had more commission and omission errors and delayed responses in the divided attention task when compared with healthy participants. These impairments in the divided attention task of RRMS patients were found to become more prominent from the 7th year of the disease. The findings were discussed in the light of the related literature.
The main purpose of the present study is to examine whether the attention pattern (focused attention, sustained attention, divided attention and interference effect) of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients differs compared to healthy participants. Another aim of the study is to determine from which year of illness cognitive impairment of attention processes starts in patients with RRMS. The study sample is comprised of RRMS patients (n=53) and healthy participants (n=30) between the ages of 20-49, who were at least primary school graduates. Attention functions of the participants were evaluated with the Stroop Test TBAG Form, Verbal and Nonverbal Cancellation Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Coding Test, WMS-R Digit Span and Visual Memory Span subtests. Divided attention performance was evaluated with an experimental task developed on the basis of the psychological refractory period paradigm. Accordingly, five stimulus onset asynchrony (16 ms, 133 ms, 316 ms, 500 ms and 1000 ms) were determined. The research data were collected according to the one-way ANOVA and 3 x 5 mixed design ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor experimental design. The findings of the study revealed difference in terms of attention types between RRMS patients and healthy participants. The ability of RRMS patients to put up resistance to interference, their focused and sustained attention has decreased significantly since the 7th year of the disease. In addition, RRMS patients had more commission and omission errors and delayed responses in the divided attention task when compared with healthy participants. These impairments in the divided attention task of RRMS patients were found to become more prominent from the 7th year of the disease. The findings were discussed in the light of the related literature.
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