The Politeness Expressions in "Old Turkish" Language

Abstract

Politeness is a sociolinguistic phenomenen and it is described by researchers as "first condition of human's cooperation and base of formation of community's order". Persons choose appropriate expressions as to surroundings that they are participate in. To learn politeness is difficult. Because it is not sufficient only to learn the language but also is necessary to learn social and cultural worths of the community. Rules for politeness change from a community to other community. Different language groups dwell upon different functions and they express special functions as different. This expressions give information us about status in community and respect of persons. In the same way, politeness expressions in old written documents give to us clues connected with living of old communities. In this study, politeness expressions in the Old Turkish language that includes VIII-XIth centuries have been investigated. Thus, it has been studied to explain Turkish social building of VIII-XIth centuries. Politeness expressions that have been used Old Turkish give to us considerable clues about social building. Old Turks frequently have been used suitable politeness expressions to status of them in connections of themselves whether with family and other persons of community or with government and in religious connections. Elements as like power, respect, affection have been effective in choosing of this expressions.