Publication: Betonarme Taşıyıcı Sistem Seçiminin Performans ve Maliyet İle İlişkisi
Abstract
Betonarme yapılarda taşıyıcı sistem seçimi, yapının performans ve maliyetine doğrudan etkilidir. Yapı tasarımından beklenilen; yapının performansı, ekonomikliği, fonksiyonelliği, estetiği, işlevselliği ve uygulanabilirliğidir. Yapıların performans ve maliyet ile ilişkisi, yapı kat adeti, taşıyıcı sistem türü ve taşıyıcı sistem davranış katsayısı gibi değişkenlere bağlı olarak, emniyet-ekonomi dengesinde birbirlerine oranla avantaj ve dezavantajlara sahiptir. Yapı emniyetindeki en önemli faktörlerden biri de yapı taşıyıcı sistem seçimidir. Çerçeveli yapıların sünek, perdeli yapıların ise rijit davranması beklenir. Taşıyıcı sistemin tasarım ve analizinde mesleki bilgi ile beraber, standart ve yönetmeliklerden de faydalanılır. Deprem kuşağında yer alan ülkemizde bu kapsamda depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımına yönelik olarak, 'Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik' kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada incelenen çerçeveli, perde çerçeveli ve perdeli taşıyıcı sistemler, her sistemde kat adetleri; 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 olacak şekilde çeşitlendirilmiştir. Yapı taban alanları; 12x12 metre, 24x24 metre, 36x36 metre şeklinde seçilmiştir. Taşıyıcı sistem davranış katsayıları normal sünek ve yüksek sünek alınmıştır. Yapı önem katsayısı; I=1, deprem bölgesi; 1o, spektrum periyodu; Ta:0,15/Tb:0,6sn, zemin yatak modülü; 2000t/m3, zemin emniyet gerilmesi; 30t/m2, beton sınıfı; C30 olarak her modelde sabitlenmiştir. Tasarlanan modellere gelen deprem yüklerini hesaplamak için mod birleştirme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Modellerin performansı maksimum yatay yer değiştirmeler ve serbest titreşim periyoduna göre kıyaslanmıştır. Maliyet analizleri için 'Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Yüksek Fen Kurulu Başkanlığı' tarafından yayınlanan 2018 birim fiyatları kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak belirli şartlar altında hangi taşıyıcı sistemin performans ve maliyet açısından optimum olabileceğinin saptanması hedeflenmiştir.
In reinforced concrete structures, selection of structural system has a direct influence on the performance and cost of the structure. What is expected of the structural design is the performance, economy, functionality, aesthetics and practicality of the construction. Performance and cost association of structures has advantages and disadvantages in the equilibrium of safety-economy depending on variables such as the number of storeys in the structure, type of carrier system and structural system behaviour factor. One of the most important factors in structural safety is the selection of structural carrier system. Framed structures are expected to behave ductile, while shear wall structures are expected to behave rigid. In the design and analysis of structural system, standards and regulations are also used in addition to professional knowledge. Within this context, 'Specifications for Structures to be built in Disaster Areas' is used in our country, which is in the seismic belt, for designing earthquake resistant buildings. Framed, shear-wall framed and shear-wall carrier systems were varied as 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 storeys in each system. Building floor areas were chosen as 12x12 metre, 24x24 metre, 36x36 metre. Structural system behaviour factors were taken as normal ductile and high ductile. In each model, building importance factor was stabilized as I=1, earthquake area was stabilized as 1o, spectrum period was stabilized as Ta:0,15/Tb:0,6sec, subgrade modulus was stabilized as; 2000t/m3, safe bearing capacity was stabilized as 30t/m2 and concrete classification was stabilized as C30. Mode superposition method was used to calculate the earthquake loads on designed models. Performances of the models were compared according to maximum vertical displacement and free vibration period. For cost analyses, 2018 unit prices published by 'Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning Directorate of High Technics Board' were used. As a conclusion, the purpose of the study was to find out which structural system can be optimum in terms of performance and cost under specific conditions.
In reinforced concrete structures, selection of structural system has a direct influence on the performance and cost of the structure. What is expected of the structural design is the performance, economy, functionality, aesthetics and practicality of the construction. Performance and cost association of structures has advantages and disadvantages in the equilibrium of safety-economy depending on variables such as the number of storeys in the structure, type of carrier system and structural system behaviour factor. One of the most important factors in structural safety is the selection of structural carrier system. Framed structures are expected to behave ductile, while shear wall structures are expected to behave rigid. In the design and analysis of structural system, standards and regulations are also used in addition to professional knowledge. Within this context, 'Specifications for Structures to be built in Disaster Areas' is used in our country, which is in the seismic belt, for designing earthquake resistant buildings. Framed, shear-wall framed and shear-wall carrier systems were varied as 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 storeys in each system. Building floor areas were chosen as 12x12 metre, 24x24 metre, 36x36 metre. Structural system behaviour factors were taken as normal ductile and high ductile. In each model, building importance factor was stabilized as I=1, earthquake area was stabilized as 1o, spectrum period was stabilized as Ta:0,15/Tb:0,6sec, subgrade modulus was stabilized as; 2000t/m3, safe bearing capacity was stabilized as 30t/m2 and concrete classification was stabilized as C30. Mode superposition method was used to calculate the earthquake loads on designed models. Performances of the models were compared according to maximum vertical displacement and free vibration period. For cost analyses, 2018 unit prices published by 'Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning Directorate of High Technics Board' were used. As a conclusion, the purpose of the study was to find out which structural system can be optimum in terms of performance and cost under specific conditions.
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