Publication: Organik Düzenleyicilerin Toprak Kaybı ve Toprak Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Laboratuvar Koşullarında Belirlenmesi
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Bu doktora çalışmasında çeltik kavuzu kompostu, ahır gübresi ve çöp kompostu uygulamalarının iki farklı toprak grubunda yüzey akış, yüzey akış ve sıçramayla oluşan toprak kayıpları ile toprak kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri laboratuar koşullarında yapay yağış altında araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Samsun ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan Minöz Havzası?nda yayılım gösteren Lithic Ustorthent ve Typic Calciustept olarak sınıflandırılan topraklar kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada simülasyon ve kalite parametrelerinin belirlenebilmesi için iki farklı deneme kurulmuş ve havzaya ait bozulmuş toprak örneklerine (8 mm?den küçük agregatlar) organik düzenleyiciler kuru ağırlık esasına göre dört farklı dozda (% 0, 2, 4 ve 6) uygulanmıştır. Denemeler tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde, faktöriyel düzende ve iki tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. 12 haftalık inkübasyon periyodunun ardından erozyon tavalarına % 15 eğim verilerek 55 mm h-1 ve 70 mm h-1 intensiteli yapay yağışlar 1 saat süre ile uygulanmıştır. Simülasyon süresince yüzey akış ve sıçrayarak taşınan materyaller 10?ar dakikalık aralıklarla toplanmıştır. Yüzey akışlar, çökelme gerçekleştikten sonra hacimsel olarak, toprak kayıpları ise kurutma işleminden sonra ağırlık esasına göre belirlenmiştir. Saksı denemelerindeki karışımlar ise inkübasyon periyodunun ardından elle ufalanarak analize hazır hale getirildikten sonra karışımlarda bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal kalite parametreleri uygun yöntemlere göre belirlenmiştir. Deneme sonucunda topraklara uygulanan organik düzenleyicilerin toprak-su kayıplarını azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Toplam toprak-su kayıpları bakımından topraklar Typic Calciustept > Lithic Ustorthent şeklinde sıralanmıştır. 55 mm h-1 intensiteli yağışta meydana gelen kayıplar 70 mm h-1 intensiteli yağışta elde edilen kayıplara oranla daha az olarak belirlenmiştir. Erozyon ve yüzey akış miktarlarını azaltmada çöp kompostu, çeltik kavuzu kompostu ve ahır gübresine oranla daha etkili olarak belirlenmiştir. Organik düzenleyicilerin etkinlikleri uygulama dozlarına bağlı olarak farklılıklar göstermiş ve en düşük kayıplar en yüksek doz uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Düzenleyicilerin etkinlikleri 55 mm h-1 intensiteli yağışta daha belirgin olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Yüzey akış ve toplam toprak kayıplarının daha az olarak tespit edildiği uygulamalarda kalite parametreleri diğer uygulamalara kıyasla daha yüksek değerler almıştır. Toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal kalite parametreleri arasında pozitif ve negatif korelasyonlar elde edilmiştir.
In this study, effects of rice husk compost, farmyard manure and municipal waste compost on runoff, soil quality parameters and soil loss occurred by runoff and splash in two different soil groups were investigated under laboratory and artificial rainfall conditions. For this purpose, soils classified as Lithic Ustorthent and Typic Calciustept located in Minöz Basin of Samsun province were used. Two different experiments were established to determine simulation and quality parameters in the study and organic conditioners were applied to the degraded soils of basin (sieved from 8 mm) according to dry weight basis at four different doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 %). Experiments were planned in a randomized plot design as factorial arrangement with two replications. After 12-week incubation period, 15 % slope was given to erosion pans and artificial rain with the intensity of 55 mm h -1 and 70 mm h-1 was applied for one hour. During the simulation, materials transported by runoff and splash were collected at intervals of 10 minute. Soil loss was determined after subsidence of materials volumetrically for runoff and according to weight basis after drying process for soil. Mixtures at the pots were crumbled by hand after the incubation period and some physical and chemical quality parameters were analyzed using the appropriate methods. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that organic conditioners applied to soils reduced soil-water loss. Soils were ranged as Typic Calciustept > Lithic Ustorthent in terms of total soil-water loss. Soil loss occurred under the intensity of 55 mm h-1 was determined to be less than obtained at the rainfall with the intensity of 70 mm h-1. Municipal waste compost was determined to be more effective than rice husk compost and farmyard manure at reducing the amount of runoff and erosion loss. Effectiveness of organic conditioners showed differences depending on application doses and the lowest loss was obtained at the applications of maximum doses. Effectiveness of conditioners was observed more clearly at the rainfall of 55 mm h-1 intensity. Soil quality parameters had higher values at the applications of which total runoff and soil loss were determined as less compared to others. Significant positive and negative correlations were found among some physical and chemical quality parameters of soils.
In this study, effects of rice husk compost, farmyard manure and municipal waste compost on runoff, soil quality parameters and soil loss occurred by runoff and splash in two different soil groups were investigated under laboratory and artificial rainfall conditions. For this purpose, soils classified as Lithic Ustorthent and Typic Calciustept located in Minöz Basin of Samsun province were used. Two different experiments were established to determine simulation and quality parameters in the study and organic conditioners were applied to the degraded soils of basin (sieved from 8 mm) according to dry weight basis at four different doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 %). Experiments were planned in a randomized plot design as factorial arrangement with two replications. After 12-week incubation period, 15 % slope was given to erosion pans and artificial rain with the intensity of 55 mm h -1 and 70 mm h-1 was applied for one hour. During the simulation, materials transported by runoff and splash were collected at intervals of 10 minute. Soil loss was determined after subsidence of materials volumetrically for runoff and according to weight basis after drying process for soil. Mixtures at the pots were crumbled by hand after the incubation period and some physical and chemical quality parameters were analyzed using the appropriate methods. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that organic conditioners applied to soils reduced soil-water loss. Soils were ranged as Typic Calciustept > Lithic Ustorthent in terms of total soil-water loss. Soil loss occurred under the intensity of 55 mm h-1 was determined to be less than obtained at the rainfall with the intensity of 70 mm h-1. Municipal waste compost was determined to be more effective than rice husk compost and farmyard manure at reducing the amount of runoff and erosion loss. Effectiveness of organic conditioners showed differences depending on application doses and the lowest loss was obtained at the applications of maximum doses. Effectiveness of conditioners was observed more clearly at the rainfall of 55 mm h-1 intensity. Soil quality parameters had higher values at the applications of which total runoff and soil loss were determined as less compared to others. Significant positive and negative correlations were found among some physical and chemical quality parameters of soils.
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Tez (doktara) -- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
Libra Kayıt No: 104440
Libra Kayıt No: 104440
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